ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Question 1

What are the similarities between ATP structure + structures of DNA and RNA?

Answer 1

ATP consists of a base (adenine), pentose sugar, and phosphate

Question 2

What are the differences between ATP structure + structures of DNA and RNA?

Answer 2

• Only 1 type of base present (adenine)
• Pentose sugar is always ribose
• ATP contain 3 phosphate groups linked together

Question 3

What happens when 2 phosphate groups are present?

Answer 3

Its called ADP

Question 4

What happens when 1 phosphate groups is present?

Answer 4

Its called AMP

Question 5

Where is energy stored in ATP?

Answer 5

Between the 2nd + 3rd phosphate

Question 6

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 6

Main rapid energy source within cells

Question 7

What cellular processes does ATP provide energy for?

Answer 7

• Active transport
• Chromosome movement during cell division
• Muscle contraction
• Protein synthesis
• Secretion of substances

Question 8

Explain hydrolysis in ATP:

Answer 8

When water added to ATP, it breaks down into ADP + Pi

Reaction is catalysed by enzyme ATP hydrolase + releases energy for cell use

Question 9

Explain condensation in ATP:

Answer 9

When Pi (inorganic phosphate) and ADP join, water molecule released

Reaction catalysed by enzyme ATP synthase. Process requires energy + traps chemical energy in bond

Question 10

What are the properties of ATP?

Answer 10

1. Releases energy in small amounts - No energy wasted
2. Small + soluble - Can be easily transported around cell
3. Energy release is immediate - Only 1 bond broken/hydrolysed to release energy
4. Can transfer energy to another molecule - By transferring a phosphate group
5. ATP cant pass out of cell - Cell always has immediate supply of energy