ATP Flashcards
1
Q
What does ATP stand for?
A
Adenosine tri - phosphate.
2
Q
What is the structure of ATP ( diagram ) ?
A
- ribose sugar
- adenine base
- 3X phosphate group
- nitrogenous base and phosphate group have switched places compared to a nucleotide
3
Q
Why is ATP a nucleotide derivative?
A
- a nucleotide has a single phosphate group whereas ATP has 3
- the pentose sugar in ATP is always ribose whereas it can be deoxyribose or ribose in a nucleotide
- nucleotides have a nitrogenous base which can be adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine or uracil whereas ATP is always adenine
4
Q
What process result in the formation of ATP?
A
- photo phosphorylation ( photosynthesis )
- subsrate level phosphorylation ( stages of respiration )
- oxidative phosphorylation ( last stage of respiration )
5
Q
The forward cycle of ATP:
A
ATP -> ADP + Pi
- hydrolysis reaction ( H20 required )
- exothermic reaction, energy release bond broken
- enzyme required ATP hydrolyse
6
Q
The forwards cycle of ATP:
A
ATP -> ADP + Pi
- hydrolysis reaction ( H20 required )
- exothermic reaction, energy release bond broken
- enzyme required ATP hydrolyse
7
Q
The backwards cycle of ATP:
A
ADP + Pi -> ATP
- condensation reaction ( H20 produced )
- endothermic reaction, energy required, bond formed
- enzyme required ATP synthase
8
Q
The backwards cycle of ATP:
A
ADP + Pi -> ATP
- condensation reaction ( H20 produced )
- endothermic reaction, energy required, bond formed
- enzyme required ATP synthase
9
Q
Properties of ATP:
A
- releases energy in small manageable amounts
- it is hydrolysed and synthases quickly in a single step reaction
- it can’t leave the cell
- it can phosphorylation other molecules, making them more reactive ( ATP + glucose -> glucose phosphate + ADP )
10
Q
Why do organisms need energy from ATP?
A
- active transport
- muscle contraction
- metabolic process -> synthesis of proteins, DNA, RNA, polysaccharides, translocation
- exocytosis
