ATP

Question 1

what is ATP made of

what is the base and type of sugar

Answer 1

molecule made of nitrogenous base, pentose sugar and 3 phosphate groups

the base is always adenine
the sugar is ribose

Question 2

why do cells require energy

Answer 2

synthesis
- eg proteins

transport
- eg active transport ions across membrane

movement
- eg protein fibres that cause muscle contraction

Question 3

how is ATP released (general)

Answer 3

1) small amount of energy is used to break weak bond between last phosphate group
2) large amount released when the phosphate undergoes bond formation
(releasing 30kJ/mol)

Question 4

formation ADP and reform ATP

Answer 4

ATP undergoes hydrolysis into adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
ADP has 2 phosphate groups

ATP reformed by phosphorylation of ADP (condensation reaction)

Question 5

properties ATP

Answer 5

• small so easy move in/out cell
• bond between phosphate with energy large enough to be useful but not so much its wasted
• releases small quantity energy
• easily regenerated
• instable phosphate bond so not good long term store but as conversion happen constantly good immediate energy store