ATP

Question 1

what is atp

Answer 1

Stands for adenine triphosphate and is a phosphorylated macromolecule. This is because it has three parts

Question 2

What is the structure of ATP (three parts)

Answer 2

It has:
-Adenine= nitrogenous base
-ribose= sugar molecule with a 5 carbon ring structure
-phosphate- 3 phosphate groups

Question 3

what happens during ATP hydrolysis

Answer 3

The phosphate bond between the 3 phosphates are unstable and therefore have a lower activation energy which means they can be easily broken. ATP splits by hydrolysis (addition of water) and forms ADP, an inorganic phosphate and energy
It is catalysed by ATP hydrolase. When the phosphate bond breaks it releases energy

Question 4

What happens at ATP synthesis

Answer 4

Involves adding a phosphate group to ADP to revert it back to ATP. It is catalysed by ATP synthase and involves removing water molecule (condensation reaction) It occurs in three ways :
-photophosphorylation
-oxidative phosphorylation
-substrate level phosphorylation

Question 5

Role of ATP

Answer 5

Due to unstable phosphate bonds between three phosphate groups it allows ATP to become an immediate energy source. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is also a single reaction so immediate energy source.

Question 6

Importance of ATP enzymes ( synthase and hydrolase)

Answer 6

In ATP there are two enzymes involved:
ATP hydrolase
ATP synthase

ATP hydrolase has specific tertiary structure so that substrate can bind to the specific active site to form e-s complexes. If no comp then ATP wouldn’t be able to break the phosphate bonds to release energy. Then talk about effects of less energy in body

ATP synthase
used in LDR for photosynthesis to form ATP. Needs to be comp as it allows the proton to facilitate diffuse through an this energy allows ADP+Pi to form ATP