ATP

Question 1

Give information about energy.

Answer 1

Can be changed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed, measure in Joules, energy is required for all life processes.

Question 2

What is energy used for in plant cells and animal cells?

Answer 2

Active transport (in animal cells absorbing glucose from the ileum epithelium into the blood stream), DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis.

Question 3

What is metabolism?

Answer 3

All the chemical reactions that take place in a cell or organism.

Question 4

What is catabolism?

Answer 4

The break down of substances using energy (controlled by enzymes) eg. respiration - exothermic.

Question 5

What is anabolism?

Answer 5

The synthesis of substances requiring energy (controlled by enzymes) eg. photosynthesis - endothermic.

Question 6

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 6

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 7

What makes up ATP?

Answer 7

ADENINE (a base - the square box at the top) which is attached to RIBOSE (a pentose sugar) which is attached to three PHOSPHATE groups.

Question 8

Give information about ATP.

Answer 8

Is a derivative (form) of nucleotide (the monomers of DNA), the three phosphate groups are joined together by 2 high energy bonds.

Question 9

When is ATP used?

Answer 9

Plants and animal cells release energy from glucose via respiration. A cell cannot get its energy directly from glucose. So, in respiration, the energy released from glucose is used to make ATP.

Question 10

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer 10

(Occurs after respiration) The ATP can undergo a hydrolysis reaction (water is added) where one of the bonds between the three phosphate groups is broken which releases large amounts of energy.

Question 11

Write an equation for the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy.

Answer 11

ATP (+ water) <=> (reversible reaction sign) ADP + Pi (the i is subscript) + 30 KJmol-1

Question 12

What enzyme is the hydrolysis of ATP catalysed by?

Answer 12

ATP hydrolase

Question 13

What are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 13

Adenosine diphosphate, and Pi (INORGANIC) phosphate)

Question 14

What is the inorganic phosphate produced from the hydrolysis of ATP used for?

Answer 14

Can be added to other compounds often making them more reactive, this is known as phosphorylation.

Question 15

What does it mean if ATP hydrolysis is ‘coupled’ with another energy requiring reactions?

Answer 15

It means energy released can be used directly to make the coupled reaction happen, reducing energy lost as heat.

Question 16

How can ATP be synthesised/re synthesised?

Answer 16

By a condensation reaction between ADP and Pi. This can occur during photosynthesis or during respiration.

Question 17

What enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ATP?

Answer 17

ATP synthase

Question 18

Why is ATP a good an efficient energy source?

Answer 18

Energy is released quickly in a 1 step hydrolysis reaction.
Energy is released in small manageable amounts that is closely matched to the energy needed - no waste.
ATP is small and water soluble therefore easily moved around the cell.
ATP can’t pass out of the cell (can diffuse through the cell) so the cell always has an immediate supply of energy.

Question 19

Uses of ATP?

Answer 19

Muscle contraction
Protein synthesis
Active transport
Cell division
Bioluminescence (glow in the dark creatures)