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chemistry module 2 > atoms + reactions > Flashcards

atoms + reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

relative isotopic/molecular/atomic mass definition

A

weighted mean mass of an isotope/molecule/atom of an element relative to 1/12th the mean mass of a carbon-12 isotope

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2
Q

mole definition

A

the amount of substance in grams that has the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12

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3
Q

empirical formula definition

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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4
Q

what is the oxidation state of uncombined elements

A

0

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5
Q

what is the oxidation state of an ion

A

same as the chargewh

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6
Q

what are the oxidation states of group 1 elements in compounds

A

+1

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7
Q

what are the oxidation states of group 2 elements in compounds

A

+2

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8
Q

what is the oxidation state of aluminium in a compound

A

+3

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9
Q

what is the oxidation state of hydrogen in a compound + exception

A

+1
EXCEPT in hydrides where is is -1
e.g. NaH (metal+hydrogen)

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10
Q

what is the oxidation state of chlorine in a compound + exception

A

-1
EXCEPT in compounds with F and O where it would have a + value

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11
Q

what is the oxidation state of fluorine

A

-1

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12
Q

what is the oxidation state of oxygen

A

-2
EXCEPT in peroxides where its -1
compounds with fluorine where its +2
e.g. OF2

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13
Q

what effect does reduction have on oxidation state

A

it decreases

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14
Q

what effect does oxidation have on oxidation state

A

it increases

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15
Q

strong acids/bases definition

A

strong acids/bases fully dissociate in aqueous solution, product is 100% ions

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16
Q

weak acids/bases definition

A

weak acids/bases only partially dissociate

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17
Q

examples of strong acids

A

HCl
H2SO4
HNO3

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18
Q

examples of weak acids

A

carboxylic acids
benzoic acid

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19
Q

examples of strong bases

A

metal hydroxides

20
Q

examples of weak bases

A

NH3
CH3NH2 and homologous series of this compound

21
Q

acid + base&raquo_space;

A

salt + water

22
Q

acid + metal&raquo_space;

A

salt + hydrogen

23
Q

acid + metal hydroxide&raquo_space;

A

salt + water

24
Q

acid + metal oxide&raquo_space;

A

salt + water

25
Q

acid + metal carbonate&raquo_space;

A

salt + water + CO2

26
Q

monoprotic/basic acid definition

A

acids that can only donate 1 proton

27
Q

standard solution definition

A

a solution with a known concentration

28
Q

standard solution method

A

1- weigh out amount of solid with 3dp balance and weighing boat
2- transfer solid into a beaker, wash out any leftover solid into beaker using deionised water
3- fully dissolve solid with deionised water and stir
4- transfer solution into volumetric flask with a funnel and rinse everything into flask
5- fill volumetric flask with deionised water up to graduation line
6- mix by inverting several times with the lid on

29
Q

titration method

A

1- chemical with known concentration and volume goes in burette, add a few drops of indicator to chemical in conical flask
2- slowly add chemical in burette to the chemical in conical flask until indicator changes colour
3- when nearing end point indicator colour will disappear when swirled, start adding drop by drop
4- read how much chemical was added from burette from the bottom of the meniscus at eye level
5- record results to 2dp and repeat until 2 results are concordant

30
Q

avogadro’s constant definition

A

the number of atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12

31
Q

molar mass definition

A

the mass of 1 mole of a substance, units gmol-1

32
Q

salt definition

A

a compound formed of an ionic lattice between anions and cations that is neutral overall, made as the product of a reaction in which positive ions from an acid are replaced with metal or ammonium ions

33
Q

what is the formula of a carbonate ion

A

CO3 2-

34
Q

what is the formula of a sulfate ion

A

SO4 2-

35
Q

what is the formula of a nitrate ion

A

NO3 -

36
Q

what is the formula of a phosphate ion

A

PO4 3-

37
Q

what is the formula of an ammonium ion

A

NH4 +

38
Q

what is the formula of a hydroxide ion

A

OH -

39
Q

what is the formula of a cyanide ion

A

CN -

40
Q

what is the formula of a hydronium ion

A

H3O +

41
Q

what type of ion do metals form

A

positive ions

42
Q

acid definition

A

proton donors

43
Q

base definition

A

proton acceptors

44
Q

what is the difference between a strong and weak acid/base

A

strong acids/bases fully dissociate in aqueous solution, so 100% of the product is ions

weak acids/bases only partially dissociate in aqueous solution, so only a small proportion of the product is ions

45
Q

what is the difference between a concentrated and dilute acid/base

A

concentrated means there is a large amount of acid/base moles relative to the number of solvent moles in a solution

dilute means there is a small amount of acic/base moles relative to the number of solvent moles in a solution

chemistry module 2 (2 decks)

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