Atoms, Molecules, and Water

Question 1

What is Matter?

Answer 1

Anything that contains mass

Question 2

What are Molecules?

Answer 2

Two or more atoms bonded together

Question 3

What are p-orbitals shaped like?

Answer 3

Dumbbells

Question 4

What is the atomic number?

Answer 4

Number of protons in an atom

Question 5

How do you calculate Atomic Mass?

Answer 5

Add the number of Protons to the number of Neutrons

Question 6

A Carbon atom has 6 Protons and 6 Neutrons. What is it’s atomic mass?

Answer 6

12 Daltons

Question 7

Atomic mass is measured in what unit?

Answer 7

Daltons

Question 8

What are Trace Elements?

Answer 8

Elements that are present in organisms in small amounts but are essential for normal growth and function

Question 9

What are Compounds?

Answer 9

Molecules composed of two or more different elenents

Question 10

What are Covalent Bonds?

Answer 10

Chemical bond which two atoms share 1 pair of electrons

Question 11

What is the Octet Rule?

Answer 11

The rule states that atoms are most stable when they have 8 electrons in the outermost electron shell

Question 12

What are Double Bonds?

Answer 12

When atoms share 2 pairs of electrons

Question 13

What is Electronegativity of an atom?

Answer 13

It’s measurement of it’s ability to attract electrons in a bond with another atom.

Note: When two atoms with different electronegativities form a covalent bond, the shared electrons are more likely to be closer to the nucleus of the atom of higher electronegativity

Question 14

TRUE or FALSE

Water is considered a Polar Covalent Bond?

Answer 14

TRUE

Note: Because Oxygen is much more electronegative than Hydrogen, the shared electrons tend to be pulled closer to the Oxygen nucleus

Question 15

How does an atom or molecule become a Ion?

Answer 15

If it gains or loses one or more electrons, it will acquire a net electric charge and become an Ion.

Note: If the Ion have a net positive charge, it is called a Cation. If it has a net negative charge, it is called Anions

Question 16

What is a Free Radical?

Answer 16

A molecule containing an atom with a single, unpaired electron in its outer shell

Question 17

What is a Catalyst?

Answer 17

An agent that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 18

What is Molecular Mass?

Answer 18

The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule.

For example; Glucose
(C6 H12 O6) has a molecular mass of 180

Question 19

What is a Hydrogen Bond?

Answer 19

A weak interaction between hydrogen atom and a electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen

Question 20

Why is water a solvent for most chemical reactions in all living organisms?

Answer 20

Atoms and molecules dissolved in water interact in ways that wouldn’t be possible in their undissolved states

Question 21

The pH of a solution is the :______________________

Answer 21

Negative logarithm to the base 10 of the H+ concentration

Question 22

What is the pH of pure water?

Answer 22

7 neutral

Question 23

What is a buffer?

Answer 23

A pair of substances, an acid and its related base and it minimizes pH fluctuations

Question 24

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 24

Solid, Liquid and Gas

Question 25

A substance that releases hydrogen ions into solution is called a(n)

Answer 25

Acids

Question 26

pH is defined as the _____ _____ to the base 10 of the ______ ion concentration.

Answer 26

• negative logarithm

- H+

Question 27

The ______ of a solution is the negative base 10 logarithm of the H+ concentration of the solution.

Answer 27

pH

Question 28

What is the atomic mass unit of Carbon?

Answer 28

12.01 amu

Question 29

What is AMU?

Answer 29

atomic mass unit

Question 30

What is the atomic mass unit of Oxygen?

Answer 30

15.999 amu