Atoms, Molecules and Ions ch 2

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

the smallest unit of matter

Question 2

What is a molecule?

Answer 2

a particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together

Question 3

What is an element?

Answer 3

a pure substance whose atoms all

have the same number of protons

Question 4

What is a compound?

Answer 4

a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio

Question 5

If all atoms have the same components, why do different atoms have different chemical properties?

Answer 5

Number and arrangement of electrons

Question 6

Do atoms have a net charge?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

What does the mass number consist of?

Answer 7

Number of protons plus neutrons

Question 8

What does the atomic number consist of?

Answer 8

Number of protons

Question 9

T or F: The size of an isotope with more neutrons is larger than one with few neutrons

Answer 9

False

Question 10

T or F: The mass of an isotope with more neutrons is greater than one with fewer neutrons

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 11

When electrons are SHARED by nuclei.

Question 12

What are cations and anions?

Answer 12

Cations are atoms or molecules with a positive charge and anions are atoms or molecules with a negative charge.

Question 13

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 13

When Electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other

Question 14

Do metals tend to give or take?

Answer 14

Metals tend to give one or more electrons to form a cation.

Question 15

Do non mentals tend to give or take electons?

Answer 15

Non-metals can gain one or more electrons to form an anion when reacting with a metal.

Question 16

What is a type 1 cation

Answer 16

Binary ionic compounds that consists of a mental and non mental (has an anion and cation)

Question 17

What is a type 2 cation?

Answer 17

Binary ionic compounds in which the metals can form more than one type of positive ion (2 possible charges)

Question 18

How do you name a type 1 cation?

Answer 18

use the element name

Question 19

How do you name a type 2 cation?

Answer 19

include the cation name and a roman numeral indicating the charge.

Question 20

What is an oxyanion?

Answer 20

When there are two or more members in a series

Question 21

When there are 2 members in an oxyanion series, how do you name them?

Answer 21

the one small number of oxygen atoms ends in (ite) and one larger number of oxygen atoms ends in (ate)

Question 22

When there are more than 2 members in an oxyanion series, how do you name them?

Answer 22

the one with Fewest number of oxygen atoms starts with hypo. (hypochlorite)
The one with Most number of oxygen atoms starts with per-(perchlorate)

Question 23

What is a type 3 covalent compound?

Answer 23

When 2 non metals bond

Question 24

How do you name type 3 covalent compounds?

Answer 24

1) The first element in the formula is named first, using the full element name
2) The second element is named as if it were an anion
3) Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present
4) The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element

Question 25

What are the first 10 prefixes?

Answer 25

mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

Question 26

What is an acid?

Answer 26

A substance which, when dissolved in water, releases protons (H+)

Question 27

How can acids be recognized?

Answer 27

Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen that appears first in the formula