Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > Flashcards

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. all matter is composed of indivisible atoms
  2. each element has only one kind of atom
  3. a compound is composed of atoms of two or more elements
  4. in a chemical reaction, atoms simply change binding partners- nothing is created or destroyed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plum Pudding Model

A

Electrons were dispersed in a field of positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

A

Shot positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold
-most went straight through, while some deflected back

Most atoms are empty space with small, dense nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Electron

A
  • negative charge
  • no mass
  • located in orbitals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proton

A
  • positive charge
  • mass of 1 AMU
  • located in nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neutron

A
  • neutral charge
  • mass of 1 AMU
  • located in nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atoms have an overall ______ charge, so ______ have to equal ______.

A

neutral
protons
electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Isotopes of the same element act…

A

the same, they are the same element but with different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What determines an atom’s distinct chemical properties?

A

the electron number and arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atomic Number

A

the number of protons an atom contains

determines identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mass Number

A

number of protons plus neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Atomic Mass

A

average mass of an element in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metals

A
  • about 75% of all elements

- lustrous, malleable, ductile, conduct heat and electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nonmetals

A

dull, brittle, insulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metalloids

A

aka semi-metals

properties of both metals and nonmetals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Groups

A

vertical columns of the periodic table

1a-8a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Group 1a

A

alkali metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Group 2a

A

alkaline earth metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Group 7a

A

halogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Group 8a

A

noble gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Periods

A

the horizontal rows of the periodic table

1-7

22
Q

Noble Gases

A

stable in nature

23
Q

Diatomic Molecules

A

some atoms need to form covalent bonds in order to be stable

O2, N2, H2, Halogens

24
Q

Neon Gas vs Oxygen

A

Neon is stable because of the arrangement of electrons, oxygen needs to bind to another oxygen

25
Q

Ions

A

if an atom gains or loses an electron, the atom becomes charged

26
Q

Cation

A

ions that have a positive charge

LOSS of an electron

27
Q

Anion

A

ions that have a negative charge

GAIN of an electron

28
Q

Cation Name

A

same as the metal

ex: sodium ion, calcium ion

29
Q

Anion Name

A

change the ending to -ide

ex: fluoride ion, oxide ion

30
Q

Ionic Compounds

A
  • a metal and a nonmetal
  • an exchange of electrons is made
  • formula can be determined by balancing the charges
    Na+ + Cl- = NaCl
31
Q

Subscripts

A

tell you how many of each atom is in the compound

H20= two hydrogens, one oxygen

32
Q

Type I Compound

A
  • called a simple ion
  • cation first, then anion
  • drop the ending and add -ide
    Sodium Chloride
    Magnesium Oxide
33
Q

Calcium Chloride

A 
CaCl2
Ca+2 charge
Cl-1 charge
so, need two Cl to balance the compound
DO NOT PRONOUNCE THE SUBSCRIPT
34
Q

Type II Compound

A

some cations can have multiple charge options
DO pronounce the number of the cation’s charge
Iron III Sulfide
Titanium IV Sulfate

35
Q

Type III Compound

A

FOR COVALENT BONDS

  1. the first element is named first
  2. the second element is named as though it were an anion
  3. prefixes are used to denote numbers of atoms
  4. never use mono for the first element
36
Q

Mono

A

1

37
Q

Di

A

2

38
Q

Tri

A

3

39
Q

Tetra

A

4

40
Q

Penta

A

5

41
Q

Hexa

A

6

42
Q

Hepta

A

7

43
Q

Octa

A

8

44
Q

CO2
SF6
N2O3

A

carbon dioxide
sulfur hexafluoride
dinitrogen trioxide

45
Q

Acids

A

molecules that when dissolved in water produce H+ ions

46
Q

Naming Acids with Oxygen

A

if the anion contains oxygen, the acid name is formed from the root name of the central element
*HNO2= nitrous acid
HNO3= nitric acid

47
Q

Naming Acids without Oxygen

A

if the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix -hydro and the suffix -ic
*HCL= hydrochloric acid

48
Q

For acids, -ate and -ide become ___ and -ite becomes ____.

A
  • ic

- ous

49
Q

To balance a chemical equation, you can’t….

A

change the subscripts

50
Q

Balancing Chemical Equations

A

H2O —-> H2 + O2
not balanced, so need to add numbers before the molecule
2 H2O —-> 2 H2 + O2

Chemistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions