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General Chemistry > Atoms, Molecules and Ions > Flashcards

Atoms, Molecules and Ions Flashcards

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1
Q
  • is the smallest identifiable unit of an element
  • mostly empty space with a very tiny, very dense nucleus
A

atom

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2
Q

the number of protons of an atom is referred to as its

A

atomic number q

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3
Q

is a substance whose atoms all have the same atomic number

A

element symbol

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4
Q

the mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons

A

atomic mas (amu)

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5
Q

atoms of the same element that have different mass number. They differ in number of neutrons

A

isotopes

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6
Q

is a charged particle resulting from the fact that the number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons

A

ion

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7
Q

protons are greater than electrons, lose electrons, positively charged

A

cations

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8
Q

protons are lesser than electrons, gains electron, negatively charged

A

anions

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9
Q

are equal in the number of protons and electrons

A

neutral atom

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10
Q

is the sum of protons and neutrons of a single atom

A

atomic mass

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11
Q

is the weighted average of the atomic mass of all natural isotopes of an element

A

atomic weight

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12
Q

1 amu = ??

A

mass of one 6C^12 atom/12
1 amu = 1.660539x10^-37 kg

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13
Q

is an indispensable tool for understanding & classifying many of the properties of elements

A

periodic table

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14
Q
  • good conductor of heat & electricity
  • malleable
  • ductile
  • lustrous
  • tend to lose electron & become positively charged cations
A

metals

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15
Q
  • not conductive
  • not malleable or ductile
  • not lustrous
  • tend to gain electrons & become negatively charged anions
A

nonmetals

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16
Q

a separate, distinct, electrically neutral group consisting of a well defined number of atoms

A

molecules

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17
Q

opposite charged ions are held together in ordered 3D structure called crystal lattice

A

ions (Ionic compounds)

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18
Q

how do we determine if a substance is ionic or molecular in a binary compound:

A
  • if both elements are nonmetals then the compound is molecular
  • if one elements is metal and the other is nonmetal, the compound is ionic
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19
Q

Fe^2+

A

ferrous
iron (II)

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20
Q

Fe^3+
ferric
iron(III)

A

Fe^3+

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21
Q

Cu^+

A

cuprous
copper (I)

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22
Q

Cu^2+

A

cupric
copper (II)

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23
Q

Sn^2+

A

stannous
tin (II)

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24
Q

Sn^4+

A

stannic
tin (IV)

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25
Q

NH4^+

A

ammonium

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26
Q

H3O^+

A

hydronium

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27
Q

Hg2^2+

A

mercury (I)

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28
Q

to name anions, change the element ending to “___”

A

ide

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29
Q

OH^-

A

hydroxide

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30
Q

CN^-

A

cyanide

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31
Q

02^2-

A

peroxide

32
Q

N^3-

A

azide

33
Q

C2H3O2^-

A

acetate

34
Q

ClO3^-

A

chlorate

35
Q

NO3^-

A

nirtate

36
Q

MnO4^-

A

permanganate

37
Q

CO3^2-

A

carbonate

38
Q

SO4^2-

A

sulfate

39
Q

CrO4^2-

A

chromate

40
Q

Cr2O7^2-

A

dischromate

41
Q

S2O3^2-

A

thiosulfate

42
Q

PO4^3-

A

phosphate

43
Q

NO2^-

A

nitrite

44
Q

SO4^2-

A

sulfate

45
Q

SO3^2-

A

sulfite

46
Q

ClO4^-

A

perchlorate

47
Q

ClO3^-

A

chlorate

48
Q

ClO2^-

A

chlorite

49
Q

ClO^-

A

hypochlorite

50
Q

BrO4^-

A

perbromate

51
Q

BrO3^-

A

bromate

52
Q

BrO2^-

A

bromite

53
Q

BrO^-

A

hypobromite

54
Q

IO4^-

A

periodate

55
Q

IO3^-

A

iodate

56
Q

IO2^-

A

iodite

57
Q

IO^-

A

hypoiodite

58
Q

SO4^2-

A

sulfate

59
Q

SO3^2-

A

sulfite

60
Q

CO3^2-

A

carbonate

61
Q

PO4^3-

A

phosphate

62
Q

HSO4^-

A

bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate)

63
Q

HSO3^-

A

bisulfite (or hydrogen sulfite)

64
Q

HCO3^-

A

bicarbonate (or hydrogen carbonate)

65
Q

HPO4^2-

A

hydrogen phosphate

66
Q

H2PO4^-

A

dihydrogen phosphate

67
Q

H2O

A

water

68
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

69
Q

CH4

A

methane

70
Q

C6H6

A

benzene

71
Q

PH3

A

phosphine

72
Q

are molecular compounds that produce H^+ ions when dissolved in water

A

acids

73
Q

if anion ends in “-ide”, the name of the acid includes the prefix “___”, and the suffix “___” acid.

A

hydro-, -ic

74
Q

if the anion ends in “-ate”, the acid ending is “___” acid

A

“-ic”

75
Q

if the anion ends in -ite, the acid ending is “___” acid

A

“-ous”

General Chemistry (6 decks)

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