Atoms, Isotopes, Reproduction Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of matter.
What is an element?
A substance made of only one type of atom.
What is a compound?
A substance made of more than one type of atom chemically combined.
What are the three types of sub-atomic particles?
- Protons
- Electrons
- Neutrons
What charge do protons have?
Positive charge (+)
What charge do electrons have?
Negative charge (-)
What charge do neutrons have?
No charge at all (0)
How much does a proton weigh?
1 atomic mass unit
How much does an electron weigh?
1/5000 atomic mass unit (almost nothing)
How much does a neutron weigh?
1 atomic mass unit
What is the overall charge of an atom?
Neutral; they have no charge.
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons or electrons in an atom.
What does the mass number represent?
The number of protons + neutrons in an atom.
What is the electron arrangement in an atom?
2-8-8-2
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What is the most common isotope of carbon?
Carbon-12
Who organized the periodic table?
Dimitri Mendeleev
What is sexual reproduction?
Involves a male and a female parent producing sex cells called gametes.
What is fertilization?
The fusion of sperm and egg after sexual intercourse.
What is the male gamete called?
Sperm
What is the female gamete called?
Egg
What does the uterus do?
Where a fertilized cell will implant and a baby will develop.
What is the menstrual cycle?
The reproductive cycle of a female usually takes place over 28 days.
Fill in the blank: The process of a sperm being released is called _______.
ejaculation
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg that starts to divide.
What is implantation?
The attachment of the embryo to the uterus wall.
What is the placenta?
A structure that connects the mother and baby for nutrient transfer.
What is contraception?
The prevention of pregnancy or fertilization.
What are chromosomes?
Long thread-like structures made of DNA inside the nucleus of each cell.
What are genes?
Strands of DNA in chromosomes that control characteristics.
How many chromosomes do human cells contain?
46 chromosomes
What is magnetism?
A force that can push, pull, or cause objects to change their velocity.
What is a magnetic force?
The force of attraction or repulsion between two magnets.
What materials are considered magnetic?
- Iron
- Nickel
- Cobalt
What is a magnetic field?
The region around a magnet where the magnetic force can be detected.
What allows compasses to point north?
They are attracted to the Earth’s magnetic south pole.
