Atoms, Ions, Compounds

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that can be physically touched.

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

A fundamental piece of matter. Everything in the universe, except energy, is made of matter, and therefore atoms.

Question 3

Absolute value

Answer 3

the distance from 0 on the number line

Question 4

Avogadro’s Number

Answer 4

6.022 * 10^23

Question 5

10^0

Answer 5

= 1 (No zeros)

Question 6

10^2

Answer 6

= 100 (2 zeros)

Question 7

10^1

Answer 7

= 10 (1 zero)

Question 8

Write .000007 in scientific notation

Answer 8

= 7 x 10^-6

Question 9

12,385^0

Answer 9

= 1 (any number to the power of 0 = 1)

Question 10

Atomic Number is determined by …

Answer 10

the number of protons.

Question 11

mass of a proton…

Answer 11

~ 1 u (1.008)

Question 12

mass of a neutron…

Answer 12

~ 1 u (1.007)

Question 13

mass of an electron…

Answer 13

negligible

Question 14

Average Atomic Mass

Answer 14

Average mass of isotopes of the atom, relative to their proportion in the universe.

Question 15

Purpose of using moles and Avogadro’s Number?

Answer 15

Useful in translating atomic numbers to the world at our scale (often grams)

Question 16

Mass Number

vs. Atomic Mass
vs. Average Atomic Mass

Answer 16

MASS NUMBER = P + N and will always be whole numbers relative to the rest of the periodic table. Listed in superscript to the upper left of element in isotopic notation.
ATOMIC MASS UNITS (AMU), is now used interchangeably with Unified Atomic Mass Unit (u).
AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS (also called Atomic Weight) is the average of each isotope relative to abundance.

Question 17

Convert AMU to Kg

Answer 17

The mass of an element or molecule in atomic mass units is equal to the mass of a mole of the same particles in grams. Divide the number by 1,000 to get the molar mass in kilograms.

Question 18

Ion

Answer 18

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 19

cation

Answer 19

A positively charged ion (ie. an atom or molecule with a positive charge)

Question 20

anion

Answer 20

A negatively charged ion (ie. an atom or molecule with a negative charge)

Question 21

compound

Answer 21

a distinct group of atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 22

ionic bond

Answer 22

a chemical bond where electrons are fully transferred between two atoms so that ions are formed

Question 23

covalent bond

Answer 23

a chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 24

empirical formula

Answer 24

One of 4 ways to represent a molecule; conveys the ratio of the elements in the molecule.
(other 3 are (1) name, (2) molecular formula, and (3) structural formula)

Question 25

molecular formula

Answer 25

One of 4 ways to represent a molecule; shows the number of each atom within the molecule; will be the same ratio as empirical formula.
(other 3 are (1) name, (2) empirical formula, and (3) structural formula)

Question 26

structural formula

Answer 26

One of 4 ways to represent a molecule; gives 3D information of how the atoms relate and bond to one-another.
(other 3 are (1) name, (2) molecular formula, and (3) empirical formula)

Question 27

isotope

Answer 27

Atoms of a single element (same atomic #, or # of protons) that differ in the number of neutrons in the nuclei. Therefore, isotopes of the same element have different masses.

Question 28

determine the relative abundance of each isotope of an atom using…

Answer 28

mass spectrometry /

a mass spectrometer

Question 29

a mass spectrometer works by…

Answer 29

ionizing atoms and molecules with a high-energy electron beam, then deflecting the ions through a magnetic field based on their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios.
i.e. The device knocks off e- and deflects ions. The amount that each ion is deflected will depend on its speed and charge. Amount deflected is inversely proportional to its mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).
If z = 1 (charge = 1) for all ions, then the x-axis can be expressed in units of atomic mass; more ions deflected = more abundant.

Question 30

ionizing

Answer 30

giving a charge (negative or positive) to an atom

Question 31

half life

Answer 31

The amount of time it takes for half an initial amount to disintegrate. For a given reaction the half life t1/2 of a reactant is the time required for its concentration to reach a value that is the arithmetic mean of its initial and final (equilibrium) value.

Question 32

Tiration

Answer 32

Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a titrant) to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches neutralization, which is often indicated by a color change.