Atoms, Ions, and Precipitation Reactions Flashcards
What are the charges and locations of the subatomic particles?
Protons: positive, in the nucleus
Neutrons: neutral, in the nucleus
Electrons: negative, outside the nucleus
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons.
What is the mass number?
The number of protons and neutrons combined
What is an isotope?
An atom with a different:
- number of neutrons
- mass number
And with the same:
- number of protons
- atomic number
What are the horizontal and vertical rows of the periodic table called?
Horizontal: periods, numbered from 1-7
Vertical: groups, numbered from 1-18
What is the name and properties of group one of the periodic table?
Alkali Metals:
- form +1 ions
- extremely reactive
- metallic
What is the name and properties of group two of the periodic table?
Alkaline Earths:
- form +2 ions
- slightly less reactive than group one
What is an allotrope?
An allotrope is a from in which an element can exist
e.g. carbon can be found as diamond, graphite, and charcoal
What is the name and properties of group seventeen of the periodic table?
Halogens:
- form -1 ions
- all form molecules with two atoms (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2)
- get less reactive as you move down the group
What is the name and properties of group eighteen of the periodic table?
Noble Gases:
- extremely stable
- don’t form ions as they have a full outer shell
What is the name of the elements within groups 3-12?
Transition Metals
What are cations and anions?
Cation: positive ion
Anion: negative ion
How many electrons are allowed on each shell?
First shell: 2
All other shells: 8
What are exothermic and endothermic reactions?
exothermic: releases energy
endothermic: absorbs energy
What is a combustion reaction?
Any reaction in which a substance burns in oxygen to produce light and heat
