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PA-CAT General Chemistry > Atoms, Ions, and Molecules > Flashcards

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of an atom?

A. An atom is made up of no particles.
B. An atom is made up of protons and electrons.
C. An atom is made up of protons and neutrons.
D. An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

A

D. An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

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2
Q

What is the correct name for the P^3- ion?

A. phosphide Ion
B. Phosphite ion
C. Phopshate ion
D. Phosphorous Ion

A

Phosphide ion

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3
Q

What is the correct name for the P03^3- ion?

A. phosphide Ion
B. Phosphite ion
C. Phopshate ion
D. Phosphorous Ion

A

B. Phosphite Ion

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4
Q

What is the correct name for the P04^3- ion?

A. phosphide Ion
B. Phosphite ion
C. Phopshate ion
D. Phosphorous Ion

A

C. Phosphate Ion

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5
Q

What is the correct formula and name of an acid?

A. HNO3, nitrous acid
B. HNO2, nitric acid
C. HPO4, phosphoric acid
D. CH3COOH, acetic acid

A

D. CH3COOH, acetic acid

WHY?

HNO2 is nitrous acid not nitric acid
HNO3 is nitric acid not nitrous acid
Phosphoric acid is H3PO4 not HPO4

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6
Q

HNO2 is what acid?

A

nitrous acid

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7
Q

HNO3 is what acid?

A

nitric acid

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8
Q

H3PO4 is what acid?

A

Phosphoric acid

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9
Q

How many electrons are in an oxide ion?

A

10

Explanation:

  1. Charge on oxide ion is -2
  2. This means oxygen accepted 2 electrons to gain a -2 charge
  3. Therefore, the number of electrons is 2 more then the number of electrons of an oxygen atom
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10
Q

What is the correct formula for Silver Bromide?

A. AgBr
B. Ag2Br
C. AgBr2
D. Ag2Br3

A

A. AgBr

Explanation:
The ionic formula of Ag is Ag+. The iconic formula of Br is Br-. They react together to form an ionic compound, Silver Bromide: AgBr

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11
Q

What is Dalton’s atomic theory?

A

atoms of the same elements are similar in terms of mass and size and elements have difference mass and size

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12
Q

Which charge can be calculated for chlorine with 18 electrons?

A. -2
B. -1
C. +1
D. +2

A

B. -1

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13
Q

How many protons does the element nitrogen have?

A. 2
B. 7
C. 14
D. 15

A

B. 7

Explanation:
Number of protons is atomic number
# Protons = # Electrons
# Neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number

Mass = 14 & Atomic Number = 7 –> 14 - 7 = 7 protons

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14
Q

Which of the following are diatomic elements? Select all that apply.

Bromine
Boron
Fluorine
Iodine
Helium
A

Bromine
Fluorine
Iodine

Explanation:
Diatomic elements are bromine, iodine, nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluorine

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15
Q

What are the diatomic elements?

A
  1. Bromine
  2. Iodine
  3. Nitrogen
  4. Chlorine
  5. Hydrogen
  6. Oxygen
  7. Fluorine
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16
Q

What is the name and formula of the monomeric oxoanions of the first row elements in their highest oxidation state: boron, carbon and nitrogen?

A. Borate (BO33-), carbonate (CO32-), and nitrate (NO3-)
B. Borite (BO23-), carbonite (CO22-), nitrite (NO2-)
C. Perborate (BO3-), percarbonate (CO32- · 1.5 H2O2), pernitrate (NO4-)
D. Metaborate (BO2-), orthocarbonate (CO44-), nitroxylate (NO22-)
E. Tetrahydroxyborate (B(OH)4-), peroxocarbonate (CO42-), nitrate (NO3-)

A

A. Borate (BO33-), carbonate (CO32-), and nitrate (NO3-)

17
Q

Approximately, how many times lighter is an electron than a proton?

A. 18.35 times
B. 183.5 times
C. 1835 times
D. 18350 times

A

C. 1835 times

18
Q

What is the mass of a proton? Electron?

A

Mass of Electron = 9.1 x 10 ^-31 kg

Mass of Proton = 1.67 x 10^-27 kg.

19
Q

What is the difference between the -ite form and the -ate form?

A. The -ite form has 1 more oxygen atom than the -ate form.
B. The -ite form has 1 less oxygen atom than the -ate form.
C. The -ite form is used to name anion while the -ate form is used to name cation.
D. The -ite form is used to name cation while the -ate form is used to name anion.

A

B. The -ite form as 1 less oxygen atom than the -ate form

20
Q

Which of the following is a property of nonmetals?

A. They are high conductors or heat and electricity
B. They are malleable
C. They have a bright appearance
D. They have low boiling and melting points

A

D. They have low boiling and melting points

21
Q

Do metals or nonmetals have a dull appearance?

A

nonmetals

22
Q

Do metals or nonmetals have a bright shiny appearance?

A

metals

23
Q

(Metals, Nonmetals) have low melting and boiling points.

A

Nonmetals

24
Q

(Metals Nonmetals) are low conductors of heat and electricity.

A

Nonmetals

25
Q

(Metals, Nonmetals) are malleable.

A

Metals

26
Q

What is an ion?

A. an atom or group of atoms that has either a positive or negative charge
B. an atom or group of atoms that has a net negative charge
C. An atom or a group of atoms that has no net charge
D. an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive charge

A

A. an atom or group of atoms that has either a positive or negative charge

27
Q

Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 and an atomic mass number of 1. What is the number of neutrons?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

A

A. 0

28
Q

How many electrons does the element oxygen have?

A. 2
B. 8
C. 15
D. 16

A

B. 8

29
Q

Mg loses 2 electrons to become which of the following?

A. Mg^-1
B. Mg^-2
C. Mg^+1
D. Mg^+2

A

D. Mg^+2

30
Q

Whenever an element loses electrons, what kind of ion is formed?

A

positive (cation)

31
Q

Whenever an element gains electrons, what kind of ion is formed?

A

negative (anion)

32
Q

What charge can be calculated for the element calcium with 18 electrons?

A. -2
B. -1
C. +1
D. +2

A

D. +2

33
Q

How many protons are in an oxide ion?

A

8

Explanation:
Whenever an ion is formed, only the number of electrons are changed. The number of protons and neutrons remain the same.
Therefore, there are 8 protons in both an oxygen atom and oxide ion

34
Q

Which of the following accurately describes an ionic compound?

A. A chemical compound of anions held by covalent bonds
B. A chemical compound of cation and anion held by covalent bonds
C. A chemical compound of cation and anion held by ionic bonds
D. A chemical compound of cations held by covalent bonds

A

C. a chemical compound of cation and anion held by ionic bonds

35
Q

How many neutrons does the element iron have?

A. 8
B. 26.
C. 30
D. 56

A

C. 30

36
Q

Which of the following accurately compares the charge of an electron with that of a proton?

A. 0 and -1
B. -1 and 0
C. -1 and +1
D. +1 and -1

A

C. -1 and +1

37
Q

What charge can be calculated for nitrogen with 8 neutrons?

A. 0
B. 7
C. 8
D. 15

A

A. 0

PA-CAT General Chemistry (2 decks)

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