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Science > Atoms, Elements, Compounds, And Mixtures > Flashcards

Atoms, Elements, Compounds, And Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

atom

A

the smallest unit of matter that still maintain the property of a element

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2
Q

ion

A

an atom that has acquired a positive or negative charge by either gaining or losing electrons. (the number of protons stays the same)

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3
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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4
Q

element

A

made up of only 1 type of atom

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5
Q

compound

A

made up of 2 or more different types of elements chemically combined

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6
Q

mixture

A

made up of 2 or more different kinds of particles that are jumbled up with each other but not chemically combined

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7
Q

molecule

A

made up of 2 or more atoms joined together (this could be the same or different type of atoms)

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8
Q

proton (state the charge, mass, and where its found within the atom)

A

positive charge (+1), 1, nucleus

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9
Q

neutron (state the charge, mass, and where its found within the atom)

A

neutral charge (0), 1, nucleus

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10
Q

electron (state the charge, mass, and where its found within the atom)

A

negative charge (-1), 1/2000, shells - outside the nucleus (obits around the nucleus)

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11
Q

valance electron

A

the electron(s) in the outermost energy level or outer shell of an atom

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12
Q

nucleus (state where it’s located, what it’s made up of, and what charge does it carry)

A

located in the center of the atom, made up of proton and neutron, and carries a positive charge

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13
Q

groups

A

columns, number of electrons on the outer shell

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14
Q

period

A

rows, number of shells

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15
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons or electrons

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16
Q

atomic mass

A

number of protons and neutrons

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17
Q

another name for group 1

A

alkali metal

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18
Q

why does reactivity increase as you move down the group

A

the nucleus and the valance electron(s) are further apart, reducing the attraction between them decrease, so it is easier for the valance electron(s) to be lost

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19
Q

how are group 1 metals kept and why

A

kept under oil to prevent from reacting with water in the air

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20
Q

acid (state the pH for strong & weak acid, taste, feeling)

A

strong acid: pH 0-2, weak acid: 3-6, sour, wet/sting

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21
Q

Base (state the pH for strong & weak alkaline, taste, feeling)

A

strong alkaline pH 12-14, weak alkaline pH 8-11, bitter/soapy, slippery

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22
Q

difference between base & alkaline

A

base: insoluble & soluble (alkaline) , alkaline: soluble

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23
Q

neutral (state the pH)

A

pH 7

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24
Q

3 strong acids

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3)

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25
Q

4 common acids

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3), Ethanoic (vinegar) (CH3COOH)

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26
Q

4 common alkalines

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium oxide (K2H), Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)

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27
Q

how to concentrate strong acids

A

add a small amount of solvent (usually water) to the strong acid

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28
Q

how to dilute strong acids

A

add a larger amount of solvent (more than the strong acid) (usually water) to the strong acid

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29
Q

difference between strong acids and concentrated acids

A

strong acids ionize in water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ions and concentrated acids are when you add a small amount of solvent to acid

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30
Q

differences between weak acids and diluted acids

A

weak acids partially ionize in water to produce low concentration of hydrogen ions and diluted acids are when you add a large amount of solvent to a low amount of acid

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31
Q

what is formed when neutralization happens between acid and base?

A

salt

32
Q

word equation for neutralization (hydroxide & oxide)

A

Acid + Base -> salt + water

33
Q

word equation for neutralization (carbonate)

A

Acid + Metal carbonate (Base) -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

34
Q

‘ide’ rule

A

contains 2 elements

35
Q

‘ate’ rule

A

contains 3 elements and 1 of the element is oxygen

36
Q

Calcium + oxygen ->

A

Calcium oxide

37
Q

Sodium + chlorine ->

A

Sodium chloride

38
Q

Sodium + Sulfuric +oxygen ->

A

Sodium sulfate

39
Q

test for hydrogen

A

Squeaky pop: collect the gas produced using a boiling tube when the reactants react and put a little splint to the mouth of the boiling tube. If the results are positive, it should make ‘squeaky pop’ sound and if the results are negative, it shouldn’t make a ‘squeaky pop’ sound.

Gas collection: put a bunk in the boiling tube when the reactants starts to react. If the results are positive, there should be hydrogen gas collected at the top of the test tube because gas is lighter than air

40
Q

test for carbon dioxide

A

lime water: put the bunk in when the reactants starts to react. Carbon dioxide travels through the tube into the lime water. If the results are positive, the lime water turns milky/cloudy, and if the results are negative, the lime water stays clear

41
Q

3 states of matter

A

solid, liquid, and gas

42
Q

arrangement of solid particles

A

fixed, regular, no gaps between particles, high density

43
Q

movements of solid particles

A

vibrates slowly in a fixed position, fixed together, can’t move

44
Q

energy of solid particles

A

low, small amount of energy but can’t move away from each other

45
Q

arrangements of liquid particles

A

irregular, close together, medium density

46
Q

movement of liquid particles

A

can move over each other, can’t move over each other

47
Q

energy of liquid particles

A

medium, have energy to slide over but not move away from each other

48
Q

arrangement of gas particles

A

random, far apart, low density

49
Q

movement of gas particles

A

spread out, move in random direction and speed

50
Q

energy of gas particles

A

high, can spreads out and move away from each other

51
Q

solid -> liquid

A

melting

52
Q

liquid -> gas

A

evaporation

53
Q

gas -> solid

A

rarefaction

54
Q

solid -> gas

A

sublimation

55
Q

gas -> liquid

A

condensation

56
Q

liquid -> solid

A

freezing

57
Q

melting point for water

A

0 degree

58
Q

boiling point for water

A

100 degrees

59
Q

how does chemical reaction start

A

heat: heat is often needed to start a reaction but most reaction produce heat

mixing: mixing right substances together

60
Q

7 signs of chemical reaction

A

color change, taste/smell change, temperature change, smoke, precipitation: formation of a new solid, formation of a new substance, fizzing/bubbling

61
Q

physical change (reversible or irreversible)

A

reversible

62
Q

chemical change (reversible or irreversible)

A

irreversible

63
Q

physical change (new or no new substances formed?)

A

no new substances are formed

64
Q

chemical change (new or no new substances formed?)

A

new substances are formed

65
Q

exothermic

A

heat released, temperature rise in surroundings

66
Q

endothermic

A

heat absorbed, temperature decrease in surroundings

67
Q

Metal + water ->

A

Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

68
Q

Lithium + water ->

A

Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

69
Q

Sodium + water ->

A

Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

70
Q

Potassium + water ->

A

Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

71
Q

what happens when lithium reacts with water

A

bubbles forming around lithium due to hydrogen gas

72
Q

what happens when sodium reacts with water

A

sodium was caught on fire and explosion happened (reaction was vigorous)

73
Q

what happens when potassium reacts with water

A

potassium burns violently with lilac flame and a huge explosion happened (reaction was very vigorous)

74
Q

maximum number of electrons 1st shell can hold

A

2 electrons

75
Q

maximum number of electrons 2nd shell can hold

A

8 electrons

76
Q

maximum number of electrons 3rd shell can hold

A

8 electrons

77
Q

maximum number of electrons 4th+ shell can hold

A

18 electrons

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