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Science > Atoms, Elements, Compounds, And Mixtures > Flashcards

Atoms, Elements, Compounds, And Mixtures Flashcards

1
Q

atom

A

the smallest unit of matter that still maintain the property of a element

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2
Q

ion

A

an atom that has acquired a positive or negative charge by either gaining or losing electrons. (the number of protons stays the same)

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3
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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4
Q

element

A

made up of only 1 type of atom

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5
Q

compound

A

made up of 2 or more different types of elements chemically combined

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6
Q

mixture

A

made up of 2 or more different kinds of particles that are jumbled up with each other but not chemically combined

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7
Q

molecule

A

made up of 2 or more atoms joined together (this could be the same or different type of atoms)

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8
Q

proton (state the charge, mass, and where its found within the atom)

A

positive charge (+1), 1, nucleus

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9
Q

neutron (state the charge, mass, and where its found within the atom)

A

neutral charge (0), 1, nucleus

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10
Q

electron (state the charge, mass, and where its found within the atom)

A

negative charge (-1), 1/2000, shells - outside the nucleus (obits around the nucleus)

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11
Q

valance electron

A

the electron(s) in the outermost energy level or outer shell of an atom

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12
Q

nucleus (state where it’s located, what it’s made up of, and what charge does it carry)

A

located in the center of the atom, made up of proton and neutron, and carries a positive charge

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13
Q

groups

A

columns, number of electrons on the outer shell

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14
Q

period

A

rows, number of shells

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15
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons or electrons

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16
Q

atomic mass

A

number of protons and neutrons

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17
Q

another name for group 1

A

alkali metal

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18
Q

why does reactivity increase as you move down the group

A

the nucleus and the valance electron(s) are further apart, reducing the attraction between them decrease, so it is easier for the valance electron(s) to be lost

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19
Q

how are group 1 metals kept and why

A

kept under oil to prevent from reacting with water in the air

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20
Q

acid (state the pH for strong & weak acid, taste, feeling)

A

strong acid: pH 0-2, weak acid: 3-6, sour, wet/sting

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21
Q

Base (state the pH for strong & weak alkaline, taste, feeling)

A

strong alkaline pH 12-14, weak alkaline pH 8-11, bitter/soapy, slippery

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22
Q

difference between base & alkaline

A

base: insoluble & soluble (alkaline) , alkaline: soluble

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23
Q

neutral (state the pH)

A

pH 7

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24
Q

3 strong acids

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3)

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25
4 common acids
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3), Ethanoic (vinegar) (CH3COOH)
26
4 common alkalines
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium oxide (K2H), Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
27
how to concentrate strong acids
add a small amount of solvent (usually water) to the strong acid
28
how to dilute strong acids
add a larger amount of solvent (more than the strong acid) (usually water) to the strong acid
29
difference between strong acids and concentrated acids
strong acids ionize in water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ions and concentrated acids are when you add a small amount of solvent to acid
30
differences between weak acids and diluted acids
weak acids partially ionize in water to produce low concentration of hydrogen ions and diluted acids are when you add a large amount of solvent to a low amount of acid
31
what is formed when neutralization happens between acid and base?
salt
32
word equation for neutralization (hydroxide & oxide)
Acid + Base -> salt + water
33
word equation for neutralization (carbonate)
Acid + Metal carbonate (Base) -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
34
‘ide’ rule
contains 2 elements
35
‘ate’ rule
contains 3 elements and 1 of the element is oxygen
36
Calcium + oxygen ->
Calcium oxide
37
Sodium + chlorine ->
Sodium chloride
38
Sodium + Sulfuric +oxygen ->
Sodium sulfate
39
test for hydrogen
Squeaky pop: collect the gas produced using a boiling tube when the reactants react and put a little splint to the mouth of the boiling tube. If the results are positive, it should make ‘squeaky pop’ sound and if the results are negative, it shouldn’t make a ‘squeaky pop’ sound. Gas collection: put a bunk in the boiling tube when the reactants starts to react. If the results are positive, there should be hydrogen gas collected at the top of the test tube because gas is lighter than air
40
test for carbon dioxide
lime water: put the bunk in when the reactants starts to react. Carbon dioxide travels through the tube into the lime water. If the results are positive, the lime water turns milky/cloudy, and if the results are negative, the lime water stays clear
41
3 states of matter
solid, liquid, and gas
42
arrangement of solid particles
fixed, regular, no gaps between particles, high density
43
movements of solid particles
vibrates slowly in a fixed position, fixed together, can’t move
44
energy of solid particles
low, small amount of energy but can’t move away from each other
45
arrangements of liquid particles
irregular, close together, medium density
46
movement of liquid particles
can move over each other, can’t move over each other
47
energy of liquid particles
medium, have energy to slide over but not move away from each other
48
arrangement of gas particles
random, far apart, low density
49
movement of gas particles
spread out, move in random direction and speed
50
energy of gas particles
high, can spreads out and move away from each other
51
solid -> liquid
melting
52
liquid -> gas
evaporation
53
gas -> solid
rarefaction
54
solid -> gas
sublimation
55
gas -> liquid
condensation
56
liquid -> solid
freezing
57
melting point for water
0 degree
58
boiling point for water
100 degrees
59
how does chemical reaction start
heat: heat is often needed to start a reaction but most reaction produce heat mixing: mixing right substances together
60
7 signs of chemical reaction
color change, taste/smell change, temperature change, smoke, precipitation: formation of a new solid, formation of a new substance, fizzing/bubbling
61
physical change (reversible or irreversible)
reversible
62
chemical change (reversible or irreversible)
irreversible
63
physical change (new or no new substances formed?)
no new substances are formed
64
chemical change (new or no new substances formed?)
new substances are formed
65
exothermic
heat released, temperature rise in surroundings
66
endothermic
heat absorbed, temperature decrease in surroundings
67
Metal + water ->
Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
68
Lithium + water ->
Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
69
Sodium + water ->
Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
70
Potassium + water ->
Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
71
what happens when lithium reacts with water
bubbles forming around lithium due to hydrogen gas
72
what happens when sodium reacts with water
sodium was caught on fire and explosion happened (reaction was vigorous)
73
what happens when potassium reacts with water
potassium burns violently with lilac flame and a huge explosion happened (reaction was very vigorous)
74
maximum number of electrons 1st shell can hold
2 electrons
75
maximum number of electrons 2nd shell can hold
8 electrons
76
maximum number of electrons 3rd shell can hold
8 electrons
77
maximum number of electrons 4th+ shell can hold
18 electrons

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