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chemistry gcse edexcel > Atoms, Elements and Isotopes > Flashcards

Atoms, Elements and Isotopes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the size of an atom?

A
  • 0.1 Nanometers
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2
Q

What is an atom made up of?

A
  • Electrons
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
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3
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A
  • Zero
  • Neutral
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4
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A
  • +1
  • Positive
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5
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A
  • 0
  • Neutral
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6
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A
  • -1
  • Negative
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7
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A
  • ‘1’
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8
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A
  • ‘Very small’
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9
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A
  • ‘1’
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10
Q

What is an element made up of?

A
  • One type of atom
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11
Q

What does the atomic mass number represent?

A
  • Amount of protons
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12
Q

What does the mass number represent?

A
  • Amount of protons and neutrons
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13
Q

How do you calculate the amount of electrons?

A
  • There are the same amount of protons as neutrons
  • Protons = Electrons
  • This does not apply for ions
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14
Q

What is the max amount of electrons that can be held in each shell of an atom?

A
  • 2,8,8
  • First shell 2
  • Rest 8
  • When one fills up, move to the next
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15
Q

Sodium has 11 electrons.
How would you draw an atom for sodium?

A
  • Circle in the middle for nucleus and protons
  • 3 shells
  • First shell 2 electrons
  • Second shell 8 electrons
  • Third shell 1 electron
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16
Q

How can you tell which is the atomic mass number and which is the mass number?

A
  • The atomic mass number is always smaller
17
Q

How do you calculate the amount of neutrons?

A
  • Mass number - atomic mass number
18
Q

Oxygen has the mass number of 16 and atomic mass of 8.
How many protons, electrons and neutrons does it have?

A
  • Electrons = 8 ( 8 = 8 )
  • Protons = 8 ( atomic mass )
  • Neutrons = 8 ( 16 - 8 )
19
Q

What is an ion?

A
  • An atom with a positive or negative charge
  • e.g H+ Na+ Ca2+ F− O2−
20
Q

How does an atom have a positive or negative charge?

A
  • Losing an electron = Positive
  • Gaining an electron = Negative

Remember; an electron has -1 charge, if you gain a -1, the number decreases, if you get rid of a -1, the number increases.

21
Q

Magnesium has 12 electrons.
It gains one electron, what charge is it?

A
  • Negative
22
Q

Fluorine has 9 electrons.
It loses one electron, what charge is it?

A
  • Positive
23
Q

What is an isotope?

A
  • Different amount of neutrons of the same element
  • e.g Carbon-12 Carbon-13
24
Q

What is the equation for relative atomic mass?

A
  • Relative atomic mass = isotope abundance x isotope mass number / 100
25
Q

Lithium-4 has an abundance of 20% and Lithium-5 has an abundance of 80%.
What is the relative atomic mass?

A
  • ( 4 x 20 ) x ( 5 x 80 )
  • 80 x 400
  • 32000
  • 32000 / 100
  • 320 relative atomic mass
26
Q

Before the discovery of electrons, what did scientists think atoms were?

A
  • Small solid spheres
27
Q

What was the first model of the atom?

A
  • Plum Pudding
  • Spherical cloud of positive charge
  • Electrons spread throughout
28
Q

Who created the Plum Pudding model?

A
  • John Dalton
29
Q

Why was the Plum Pudding model incorrect?

A
  • Neutrons existed
30
Q

What is the Nuclear model?

A
  • A positive charged nucleus
  • Surrounded by scattered electrons
31
Q

How was the Nuclear model discovered?

A
  • Fired positively charged alpha particles thin gold foil
  • If the Plum Pudding model were correct, all alpha particles would pass through
  • Some particles reflected
  • Nucleus reflected alpha particles theory
32
Q

Who created the Nuclear model?

A
  • Ernest Rutherford and Ernest Marsden
33
Q

Why was the Nuclear model incorrect?

A
  • Without electron shells, the atom would collapse
34
Q

What is the Bohr’s Nuclear model?

A
  • The Nuclear model with electron shells
  • Electrons orbit the nucleus
35
Q

Who created Bohr’s Nuclear model?

A
  • Neils Bohr
36
Q

What are the differences between the Plum Pudding model and Nuclear model?

A
  • Existence of a nucleus

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