Atoms, Elements and Compounds Flashcards
what is an atom?
the smallest particle of matter which cannot be divided further by chemical methods
definition of an element?
made up of the same type of atom with the same atomic number
definition of a compound?
two or more elements which are chemically bonded and cannot be separated by physical methods
what are molecules?
two or more atoms which are chemically bonded
what is a mixture?
two or more substancees which are mixed together without making chemical bonds
link to a diagram of an atom (it won’t let me upload photos)
https://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/chemistry/images/atom-diagram.jpg
where are protons found in an atom?
in the nucleus
where are electrons found in an atom?
in energy shells
where are neutrons found in an atom?
in the nucleus
relative charge and relative mass of protons?
charge: +1
mass: 1
relative charge and relative mass of neutrons?
charge: 0
mass; 1
relative charge and relative mass of electrons?
charge: -1
mass: 1/1840
atomic number = ?
the number of protons in an atom
nucleon/mass number =?
the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
mass number - atomic number =?
number of neutrons
energy shell diagram (link)
https://dr282zn36sxxg.cloudfront.net/datastreams/f-d%3A96a9d2797f6e33d4a10187aeef0abdb52be51b8602c4fda58fa9768d%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY%2BIMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY.1
group number =?
period number =?
group number = valence shell electrons
period number = number of energy shells
what is an isotope?
different atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
- isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties and go through the same chemical reactions.
How do we find the Ar (Relative Atomic Mass)?
(relative abundance1 x isotope1 mass) + (relative abundance 2 x isotope2 mass) ÷ 100
why do elements make compounds?
in order to become stable. as they have an incomplete outer shell they are unstable, and react to gain a full outer shell and become stable.
what are the ways to obtain a full outer shell?
- gaining electrons
- losing electrons
- sharing electrons
what is an ion?
an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electron(s).
what are the two types of ions?
- cations (positive ions)
- anions (negative ions)
