Atoms, Elements and Compounds Flashcards
What is an element?
A substance made of only one type of atom
What is a compound
Two or more different atoms chemically bonded together
What three particles are atoms made of?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
What is found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Where are electrons in an atom?
Orbiting the nucleus in shells
What is between the electrons and the nucleus?
Empty space
State the masses of the proton, neutron and electron.
Proton:1
Neutron: 1
Electron: negligible (very very small)
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in an atom
What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number - atomic number
State the charges of the proton, neutron and electron
Proton: +1
Neutron: 0
Electron: -1
How many electrons go in each shell?
1st shell: 2
2nd shell: 8
3rd shell: 8
What are the groups on the periodic table?
Columns
What are the periods on the periodic table?
Rows
What does the group an element is in tell you about its electrons?
How many electrons are in the outer shell
What does the period an element is in tell you about its electrons?
How many shells it has
A compound name ends in -ide. How many different elements are in this compound?
2
A compound’s name ends in -ate. How many different elements are in this compound? Can you name any?
3 - one must be oxygen
When writing chemical formulae, how would you show there are two atoms of an element?
Use a subscript 2 E.g. O2
(A subscript is a small number slightly lower than the letter)
Where are the metals found on the periodic table?
Left hand side
Where are the non-metals found on the periodic table?
Right hand side
What are some properties of metals?
Conduct heat and electricity, strong, malleable
What are some properties of non-metals?
Do not conduct heat and electricity, weak, brittle
