Atoms,compounds&isotopes Flashcards
What is ionic bonding?
In ionic bonding, atoms lose or gain electrons to form charged particles (called ions) which are then strongly attracted to one and other (because of the attraction of opposite charges, + and -)
What is meant by the term isotope?
Isotopes are: different atomic forms of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS but a DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS
How are compounds formed?
Compounds are formed when atoms of 2 or more elements are chemically combined together
What similar properties do ionic compounds have?
They all have high melting and boiling points due to the strong attraction between the ions. When ionic compounds melt, the ions are free to move and they’ll carry electric current. They do dissolve easily in water though, the ions separate and are all free to move in the solution so they’ll carry electric current
Which groups in the periodic table are most likely to form ions?
Groups 1 and 2 with groups 6 and 7
What are group 1 and 2 elements and what do they do?
Thy are metals and they lose electrons to form positive ions
What are group 6 and 7 elements and what do they do?
They are non-metals and they gain electrons to form negative ions
The charge on the positive ions is the same as…
The group number of the element
The overall charge of any compounds is?
0
What is the formula for sodium chloride?
Na+ (+1) and Cl-(-1)
(+1) + (-1)= 0
Formula = NaCl
What is covalent bonding?
Where atoms share electrons with each other so that they’ve got full outer shells
In which shell do atoms share electrons?
The outer shell because it has the highest energy levels
What makes metals good conductors of heat and electricity?
The delocalised (free) electrons in the outer she’ll of very metal atom are free to move through the while metallic structure, hence metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
