Atoms and the Periodic Table Flashcards
define matter
-anything that has mass and takes up space
-made up of atoms
what are the three parts of an atom
proton, neutron, and electron
what are the charges of each part of the atom
proton = +1
neutron = 0
electron = -1
where is each part of the atom located
proton = centre of nucleus
neutron = centre of nucleus
electron =outside the nucleus
what are different types of atoms called
elements
what is a period
-the horizontal rows on the periodic table
how many periods are on the period table
7
what is a group
the vertical columns on the periodic table
how many groups are on the periodic table
18
what are valence electrons
electrons in the outer shell of an atom
how do you know the number of valence electrons in an element
the group number tells the number of valence electrons in an element
ex. all elements in group one have 1 valence electrons
how do you find the number of protons in an element
the atomic number (number in top left corner)
how do you find the number of electrons in an element
the atomic number (top left corner)
how do you find the number of neutrons in and element
atomic number - atomic mass
(round the answer)
(atomic mass is under the element symbol)
how do you write atomic notation
4 <— atomic mass
He <— element symbol
2 <— atomic number
what is an ion
an atom that has lost or gained electrons
what are the two types of ions
anion and cation
what is an anion
an ion that has gained electrons (non-metals)
what is a cation
an ion that has lost electrons (metals)
what is a physical change
a change in the state of a substance
what is a physical property
a measureable property
what is a chemical property
properties that are shown during a chemical reaction
what is a chemical reaction
when a substance combines with another to form a new substance
what are the five clues of a chemical change
change in colours, formation of bubbles, formation of precipitate, formation of a gas, and heat or light produces
what is an element
a substance that cannot be broken down any further
what is a proton
subatomic particle with a positive charge, located in nucleus
what is a neutron
subatomic particle with no charge, located in nucleus
what is an electron
subatomic particle with a negative charge, located outside nucleus
what are valance electrons
electrons in the outer shell of an atom
what are alkali metals
elements in group 1 of the periodic table (aside from hydrogen) soft shiny metals with low melting points
what are alkaline earth metals
elements in group 2 of the periodic table. they have 2 valence electrons, they are highly reactive, and good conductors of electricity
what is a bohr rutherford diagram
a diagram showing the protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons on the shells
what is a chemical family
a group of elements that have certain similar physical and chemical properties
what is a noble gas
elements in group 18 of the periodic table, odourless, colourless, very stable
