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chemistry 1x > atoms and molecules > Flashcards

atoms and molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

elements come in 3 states of matter

A

solids - metals
liquids - Hg & Br2
gases - diatomic and inert monoatomic

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2
Q

allotropes

A

element that has different structural forms / connected in different ways

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3
Q

atoms sub atomic particles

A

protons
electrons
neutrons

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4
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons + number of electrons

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5
Q

mass number

A

number of protons + number of neutrons

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6
Q

protons

A

are positive with one unit of weight

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7
Q

electrons

A

are negative and have practically no weight

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8
Q

neutrons

A

are neutral with one unit of weight

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9
Q

atomic number

A

total number of protons

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10
Q

noble gases

A

helium
neon
argon
krypton
xenon

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11
Q

noble gas

A

this has a complete outer electronic shell

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12
Q

isotopes

A

atoms having the same value of protons but different values for neutrons

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13
Q

anions

A

have a minus sign

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14
Q

cations

A

have a positive sign

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15
Q

pure substances

A

elements and compounds

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16
Q

uncombined natural sources

A

silver Ag, gold Au, nitrogen N2, sulfur S

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17
Q

oxides

A

chromite FeCr2O4, magnetite FeO4, water H2O, carbons dioxide CO2

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18
Q

carbonates

A

limestone CaCO3, dolomite CaCO3MgCO3

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19
Q

halides

A

salt NaCl, fluorite CaF2

20
Q

sulfides

A

galena PbS, cinnabar HgS

21
Q

phosphates

A

monazite La(PO4)

22
Q

covalent bond

A

sharing electrons between atoms

23
Q

ionic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between oppositely chatted atoms

24
Q

covalent molecule examples

A

chlorine, iodine, carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur

25
Q

sublime

A

solid turning directly into vapour (iodine)

26
Q

ionic bonding

A

a transfer of electrons to achieve a filled shell

27
Q

ionic compound examples

A

NaCl sodium chloride, MgO magnesium oxide

28
Q

cations

A

these are positively charged species formed when neutral atoms low electrons

29
Q

anions

A

negatively charged species formed when a neutral atom gains electrons

30
Q

common cations

A

H+ , K+ , Cu+ , Cu2+

31
Q

common anions

A

Cl- , F- , S2-

32
Q

what ionises to give cations

A

metals

33
Q

what ionises to give anions

A

non-metals

34
Q

complex anions

A

NO3 nitric acid
(CO3)2- carbonate

35
Q

acids

A

HNO3 nitric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid

36
Q

what are bases

A

proton acceptors

37
Q

salts

A

formed by the replacement of the H+ ions of an acidic by another positive ion

38
Q

reaction of acids with bases

A

HCL + NAOH -> NACL + H2O

H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + 2H2O

HN03 + NH3 -> NH4NO3

39
Q

hydrogen bonding

A

the attraction between hydrogen atoms and either nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atoms

40
Q

hydrogen bonding strength

A

they have about 10th the strength of an average covalent bond and are constantly broken and reformed in liquid water

41
Q

how are salts formed

A

combining positive ions (cations) with negative ions (anions)

42
Q

what is a mole

A

the amount of substance which contains as many objects, atoms, molecules or things as the number of atoms in 12g of C12

43
Q

mass of an atom

A

in atomic mass units it is equal to the mass in grams of one mole of that element

44
Q

what is the number of objects in 1 mole called?

A

the Avogadro Constant (equal to 6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1)

45
Q

van der Waals forces

A

exist between non-polar molecules or atoms - weakest of all intermolecular forces

chemistry 1x (3 decks)

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