Atoms and Ions Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom?

A

A building block of matter

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2
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Groups of atoms that are bonded together

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3
Q

What is an ion?

A

Atom that has lost or gained electrons and become charged

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4
Q

What is an element?

A

Pure substance made up of only 1 type of atom

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5
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Occurs when chemicals are mixed together but do not react

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6
Q

What is a compound?

A

Chemical in which atoms of different elements are bonded together

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7
Q

Describe paper chromatography.

A

An analytical technique that can be used to separate and analyse coloured substances.

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8
Q

Describe distillation

A

Distillation is a method for separating liquids based on boiling points.

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9
Q

Explain distillation

A

The other substance has a lower boiling point than water so it evaporates first.

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10
Q

Describe filtration

A

Method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

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11
Q

Explain filtration

A

The solid/sand stays behind in the filter paper (it becomes the residue).
The solution/water passes through the filter paper (it becomes the filtrate)
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12
Q

Describe crystallisation

A

Method for separating a dissolved solid from a solution.

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13
Q

Explain crystallisation

A

The solution is evaporated to a smaller volume and then left to cool.
As the solution cools, crystals form, and these can be obtained by filtration.

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14
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid that a soluble substance dissolves into to form a solution.

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15
Q

What is a solute?

A

The solid or liquid that dissolves to form the solution.

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16
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture of a soluble substance (solute) in a liquid (solvent).

17
Q

What is concentration?

A

The amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution, given in units of ‘unit of amount of substance’/ ‘units of volume’

18
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

19
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

20
Q

What is the relative mass of a electron?

A

1/1820

21
Q

What do ionic compounds consist of?

A

A positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ions.

22
Q

How do the ionic compounds form?

A

Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions, non-metal atoms gain these electrons to form negative ions.

23
Q

What is the ionic compound structure?

A

A lattice made of alternating positive and negative ions.

24
Q

How do covalent bonds work?

A

non metal atoms bond together with covalent bonds to make molecules.

25
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Shared pair of electrons that allows atoms to gain full outer shells.