Atoms and Ions Flashcards
What is an atom?
A building block of matter
What is a molecule?
Groups of atoms that are bonded together
What is an ion?
Atom that has lost or gained electrons and become charged
What is an element?
Pure substance made up of only 1 type of atom
What is a mixture?
Occurs when chemicals are mixed together but do not react
What is a compound?
Chemical in which atoms of different elements are bonded together
Describe paper chromatography.
An analytical technique that can be used to separate and analyse coloured substances.
Describe distillation
Distillation is a method for separating liquids based on boiling points.
Explain distillation
The other substance has a lower boiling point than water so it evaporates first.
Describe filtration
Method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid
Explain filtration
The solid/sand stays behind in the filter paper (it becomes the residue).
The solution/water passes through the filter paper (it becomes the filtrate)
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Describe crystallisation
Method for separating a dissolved solid from a solution.
Explain crystallisation
The solution is evaporated to a smaller volume and then left to cool.
As the solution cools, crystals form, and these can be obtained by filtration.
What is a solvent?
The liquid that a soluble substance dissolves into to form a solution.
What is a solute?
The solid or liquid that dissolves to form the solution.
What is a solution?
A mixture of a soluble substance (solute) in a liquid (solvent).
What is concentration?
The amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution, given in units of ‘unit of amount of substance’/ ‘units of volume’
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of a electron?
1/1820
What do ionic compounds consist of?
A positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ions.
How do the ionic compounds form?
Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions, non-metal atoms gain these electrons to form negative ions.
What is the ionic compound structure?
A lattice made of alternating positive and negative ions.
How do covalent bonds work?
non metal atoms bond together with covalent bonds to make molecules.
What is a covalent bond?
Shared pair of electrons that allows atoms to gain full outer shells.
