Atoms and elements Flashcards
Whats the charge and relative mass of a Proton?
Charge +1
Relative mass of 1
What the charge and relative mass of a Neutron?
Charge 0
Relative mass of 1
Whats the charge and relative mass on an electron?
Charge -1
Relative mass of 0
What is the mass number?
The top number on the elements symbol
What is the atomic number?
The bottom number on the elements symbol
How can you work out the number of neutrons in an element?
Subtracting the atomic number from the mass number
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with a different mass number
What is an ion?
A charged atom or group of atoms
What happens in ionic bonding?
- Metal atom loses all outer shell electrons
- Non metal atom gains electrons to fill outer shell
- Positive and negative ions attracted to each other
What are the properties of strong ionic bonds?
- High melting points
- Conduct electricity when liquid
- Cant conduct electricity when solid
What do the elements groups mean?
The number of atoms in the outer shell
What do the elements periods mean?
The number of occupied electron shells
What are the three types of bonding?
- Ionic bonding
- Covalent bonding
- Metallic bonding
What is ionic bonding?
Bonding between metals and non-metals
What is covalent bonding?
Bonding between non-metals
What is metallic bonding?
Bonding between metals
What do alkali metals react with water to produce?
Hydrogen and a hydroxide
Why are alkali metals named alkali metals?
They are soluble and form alkaline solutions
What colour flame does Lithium produce in the flame test?
Red
What colour flame does Sodium produce in the flame test?
Yellow
What colour flame does Potassium produce in the flame test?
Lilac
What are halogens?
Five non-metals in group 7 that have 7 electrons in their outer shell
What are the uses of halogens?
- Iodine is used as an antiseptic
- Chlorine is used to make pesticides and plastics
What are transition metals?
A block of metallic elements between groups 2 and 3 of the periodic table
What happens when transition metals are heated?
They decompose to form a metal oxide and carbon dioxide
What is a superconductor?
A metal which has little resistance to the flow of electricity
What are superconductors used for?
- Medical scanners
- Fast electronic circuits
- Power transmission
How are the atoms in metals held together?
Metallic bonds
