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Science 2023 > Atoms and Combustion Test > Flashcards

Atoms and Combustion Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter made of?

A

Tiny, indivisible particles named atoms

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2
Q

What are the three sub-atomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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3
Q

What is the electrical charge of a proton?

A

+1

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4
Q

What is the electrical charge of a neutron?

A

0

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5
Q

What is the electrical charge of an electron?

A

-1

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6
Q

What is the mass of a proton (relative)?

A

1

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7
Q

What is the mass of a neutron (relative)?

A

1

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8
Q

What is the mass of an electron (relative)?

A

1/1840 of a proton

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9
Q

Where are protons located in the atom?

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Where are electrons located in the atom?

A

Orbiting nucleus

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11
Q

Where are neutrons located in the atom?

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

What is the mass number, and what does it consist of?

A

Mass of an element, protons + neutrons (as they both have a mass of 1, electrons too small to count)

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13
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of an element on the periodic table, according to the number of protons.

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14
Q

What are atoms mostly made of?

A

Empty space

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15
Q

What is a neutral atom?

A

When there is an equal number of electrons and protons (+1 and -1 charges balance out)

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16
Q

How do you calculate the proton number?

A

mass no - proton no OR atomic no

17
Q

How do you calculate the neutron number?

A

mass - proton no

18
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

A

2

19
Q

How many electrons can the second shell hold?

A

8

20
Q

When does radioactivity occur?

A

When the atom’s nucleus is unstable.

21
Q

In what atoms does radioactivity usually occur?

A

Atoms with large nuclei, eg radium, plutonium

22
Q

What are the three types of radioactive decay?

A

Alpha, beta, gamma

23
Q

What is alpha radiation?

A

When a nuclei “spits” out alpha particles, comprised of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Therefore, they have a charge of +2

24
Q

What is beta radiation?

A

When electrons are “spat” out from the nuclei.

25
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

A high-energy beam of light. The most deadly type of radiation as it can pass through surfaces easily and damage DNA

26
Q

Rank the types of radiation in order from least to most deadly

A

Alpha, beta, gamma

27
Q

What is the charge of alpha radiation?

A

+2 (two protons, neutrons no charge)

28
Q

What is the charge of beta radiation?

A

-1 (one electron has a negative charge)

29
Q

What is the charge of gamma radiation?

A

No charge

30
Q

What does it take to stop alpha radiation?

A

Paper, air

31
Q

What does it take to stop beta radiation?

A

Aluminium foil

32
Q

What does it take to stop gamma radiation?

A

metres thick wall of concrete or lead

33
Q

What is half-life?

A

The measure of the time it takes for half of a number of atoms to decay radioactively.

34
Q

What is the half-life measured in? (units)

A

Seconds, days, years, or any period of time. Half-life can last from milliseconds to millions of years.

35
Q

What is an isotope?

A

A type of atom that contains more neutrons than the element typically has. They differ therefore in atomic mass but their atomic number and charge is not affected.

36
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

Heat, produces heat, use and produce large amounts of energy

37
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

Colder temps absorb energy

38
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

Where two reactants are combined, rearranging atoms therefore producing new products. WHAT YOU START WITH –> YOU END WITH

39
Q

Signs of a chemical reaction?

A

Temperature change, bubbles (effervescence), colour change, smell, light, formation of gas, formation of a precipitate

Science 2023 (5 decks)

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