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Anatomy & Physiology > Atoms and Bonds > Flashcards

Atoms and Bonds Flashcards

1
Q

What has mass and takes up space?

A

Matter

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2
Q

What is the amount of matter contained in a substance?

A

Mass

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3
Q

Smallest stable unit?

A

Atom

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4
Q

3 major subatomic particles?

A

protons
neutrons
electrons

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5
Q

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

A

Proton

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6
Q

Which subatomic particle is much smaller than the others and orbits the nucleus?

A

Electron

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7
Q

Which subatomic particle has no charge?

A

Neutron

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8
Q

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

A

Electron

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9
Q

Which subatomic particles are in the nucleus?

A

Protons

Neutrons

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10
Q

What are the energy levels electrons are arranged into called?

A

shells

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11
Q

What is an atoms charge?

A

none

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12
Q

If an atom has 12 protons, how many electrons does it have?

A

12

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13
Q

What is the outer shell of an atom called?

A

valence shell

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14
Q

What is the simplest matter with unique chemicals properties and only one kind of atom?

A

Element

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15
Q

How many elements play a physiological role in humans?

A

24

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16
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

number of protons

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17
Q

What is the number of protons and neutrons called?

A

Atomic mass

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18
Q

What has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons?

A

Isotope

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19
Q

How many electrons does the innermost shell hold?

A

2

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20
Q

What 2 elements are happy with only 2 electrons?

A

hydrogen and helium

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21
Q

What is the average mass of all elemental isotopes called?

A

Atomic weight

22
Q

Valence shell is complete with how many electrons? What is this called?

A

8

Octet rule

23
Q

An atom is ____ with a full valence shell and ____ with an incomplete valence shell.

A

inert

reactive

24
Q

Two or more atoms held together by a bond is what?

A

Molecule

25
Q

Are all compounds also molecules?

A

yes

26
Q

Are all molecules also compounds?

A

no, only some

27
Q

Two or more atoms of two or more elements held together by a bond is what?

A

Compound

28
Q

When an atom loses an electron it becomes a ____ with a _____ charge.

A

Cation

positive

29
Q

What is a charged particle that has gained or lost an electron called?

A

Ion

30
Q

When an atom gains an electron it becomes a ____ with a ______ charge.

A

Anion

Negative

31
Q

Are atoms with 4-7 valence electrons more likely to gain or lose an electron?

A

Gain

32
Q

Salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electricity are what?

A

Electrolytes

33
Q

Are electrolytes chemically reactive?

A

yes

34
Q

What is a free radical?

A

A particle with an unpaired or odd number of electrons

35
Q

What is a free radical neutralized by?

A

antioxidant

36
Q

What are free radicals produced by?

A

normal metabolic process
radiation
some chemicals

37
Q

What bond shares electrons?

A

Covalent

38
Q

What kind of bond shares electrons unequally?

A

Polar

39
Q

What kind of bond happens when one atom donates an electron?

A

Ionic

40
Q

What bonds break up in water?

A

Ionic

Polar Covalent

41
Q

What bond is weak individually but strong collectively?

A

Hydrogen

42
Q

Rank the bonds from strongest to weakest

A

Nonpolar Covalent
Polar Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen

43
Q

What bond forms only between different elements?

A

Ionic

44
Q

What kind of covalent bond forms when the electronegativities of the atoms are slightly + and slightly -

A

Polar

45
Q

Which charged particles will steal electrons from other molecules?

A

Free radicals

46
Q

What bond forms between a slightly positive H and a slightly negative N or O?

A

Hydrogen bond

47
Q

Which bond cannot form a molecule?

A

Hydrogen bond

48
Q

Which bonds can change a molecules shape and position?

A

Hydrogen bond

49
Q

What group of elements will not form bonds?

A

Noble gases

50
Q

What inorganic elements are extracted from the soil by plants and significant to our body’s physiology?

A

Minerals

Anatomy & Physiology (2 decks)

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