Atoms And Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

An atom is the smallest and simplest thing that anything can be broken down into. It is a tiny dense positively charged core. It is surrounded by negative electrons.

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

An element is something that can be found on the periodic table. It is a form of something

Question 3

What are compounds?

Answer 3

A compound is two or more different atoms joined or bonded together.

Question 4

What is a molecule?

Answer 4

A molecule is two or more atoms that are the same joined or bonded together.

Question 5

The atom has a nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. Name the two things a nucleus of an atom is made up of.

Answer 5

Protons and neutrons

Question 6

Name the two ways that are used to explain an atoms structure

Answer 6

Plum pudding model - J.J Thomson

Nuclear model - Ernest Rutherford

Question 7

Name the sub-atomic particles found inside an atom:

Answer 7

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 8

A proton has a positive charge of :

Answer 8

1+ and it weighs 1 atomic mass unit (amu)

Question 9

A neutron has a charge of :

Answer 9

0 and weighs 1 atomic mass unit (amu)

Question 10

An electron has a negative charge of :

Answer 10

1- and weigh almost 0 atomic mass units (amu)

Question 11

Electrons fly around the nucleus in shells. The first shell can hold up to two electrons. How many electrons can the 2nd and 3rd shells hold?

Answer 11

8 electrons

Question 12

Awhen calculating the mass number and atomic number of an atom you read the top and bottom numbers. Th top number is the mass of the atom and the bottom is the atomic number. If it is written like below, what is it’s mass and atomic number?:

40
Ar
18

Answer 12

The mass number of the atom is 40 and the atomic number is 18.

Question 13

Name the reactivity series for group 7:

Answer 13

Astatine (AE)        All
Iodine (I)               Idiots
Bromine (Br)         But
Chlorine (Cl)         Coloured 
Fluorine (F)           Flowers

Question 14

Name the reactivity series for group 1:

Answer 14

Francium (Fr)      French
Caesium (Cs)      Children
Rubidium (R)       R
Potassium (K)     Kind 
Sodium (Na)        Ninja 
Lithium (Le)         Lambs
Hydrogen (H)      ...

Question 15

Group 1 on the periodic table are alkaline metals. The further down the reactivity series in group 1 metals you go, the more reactive they are. What do group one metals want to do?

Answer 15

Group one metals want to loose an electron

Question 16

Group 7 halogens want to GAIN an electron. Halogens are least reactive at the end of the group 7 reactivity series so the the future up the series you go, the more reactive the halogens are. The further down the reactivity series, the more shells the halogens have. Why is this a problem?

Answer 16

Because the shells act like barriers and group 7 halogens want to gain electrons so if there are lots of shells then it is harder to actually get the electrons because they are being ‘barred’