Atoms Flashcards
How is an element set up in the periodic table?
Atomic number
Element symbol
Element name
What are the particles of an atom?
Neutrons, Protons, Electron
What subatomic particles are found in the centre of an atom?
Neutrons and protons
Name the charges of each subatomic particle?
P= positive N= neutral E= negative
What are the mass of each subatomic particle?
P=1
N=1
E=0
What are levels of electrons that are on each shell?
1= 2 2= 8 3= 8
What are the same in all atoms?
They have equal amounts of protons and electrons
What is the mass number?
The number of protons and electrons in its nucleus
What is an isotope?
An element with a different number of neutrons
What is the relative atomic mass?
The average mass of isotopes in an atom
How to calculate the relative atomic mass?
RAM = (% of isotope 1 x mass) + (% of isotope 2 x mass)
divided by two
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom that has gained an electron
How does an atom become charged?
When an atom does not have an equal numbers of protons and electrons
Why does an atom become an ion?
To form full outer shells
What are the three types of bond?
Ionic, metallic and covalent
What makes a covalent bond?
A metal and a non-metal bonding, positive and negative nuclei share a pair of electrons
What makes a ionic bond?
A non-metal and another non-metal making a compound, this happens when one or more electron(s) transfers from one another
What makes a metallic bond?
Two metals trying to bond together when the outer electrons are delocalised.
What are the four states and their symbols?
solid - (s)
liquid - (l)
gas - (g)
solution - (aq)
What is the definition of a metal?
Metals have a high melting melting point and boiling point and are solids at room temperature apart from mercury
What is the definition of an ionic substance?
Ionic substances have a high melting point and boiling point and are solids at room temperature
What is the definition of a covalent substance?
Covalent substances have a low melting and boiling point and can be solids, liquids and gases at room temperature
What conducts and doesn’t conduct electricity
metals always conduct
covalent substances don’t conduct
ionic only conduct when molten or in a solution, not a solid
