Atoms Flashcards
what does the nucleus of an atom contain?
protons and neutrons
what is on the outer shells of the atom ?
electrons
what do you look at to find to atomic number of an atom ?
the bottom number next to the element symbol is the atomic number
What do you look at to find the mass number of an atom ?
The top number next to the element symbol is the mass number
what does the atomic number tell you ?
How many protons there are
What does the mass number tells you ?
Tells you the amount of protons and neutrons
what do you do to get the number of neutrons ?
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
what do elements consist of ?
Atoms with the same atomic number
what in the nucleus decides what type of atom it is ?
The number of protons there are.
what is an element ?
A substance that contain atoms with the same amount of protons
What does this mean?
It means that all the atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons and different elements have atoms with different numbers of protons.
Isotopes have extra what?
Neutrons
What are isotopes ?
Isotopes are different forms of the same element which have the same number or protons but a different number of neutrons
What does this mean for isotopes ?
This means that the isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
what can many elements no exist as?
As a different number of different isotopes
What is used instead when referring to the element as a whole ?
Relative atomic mass.
What is the formula for atomic mass ?
relative atomic mass =
sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number)
/ sum of abundance of all the isotopes
ionic bonding
metal and non metal
What happens in ionic bonding ?
the metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
non- metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions
what does the opposite charges of the ions mean ?
Means that the opposite ions are strongly attracted to each other
Covalent bonding
non- metal and non- metal
What happens in covalent bonding ?
Non- metals consist of molecules. Each atom shares an electron with another atom
