Atoms Flashcards
Atomic number
Number of protons
Isotope
Elements that behave identically chemically, but have different neutron numbers.
Atomic mass number
Neutrons + Protons
Chemical reactions
Atoms change how they are bonded
Process leading to chemical changes in matter
Does not create or destroy mater
Ion
Atoms or molecules with a negative or positive charge
Loose or gain electrons
Ionic bond
Two opposite ions that attract each other and are held together
One atom loses 1+ valence electrons (new positive charge) and the other gains the electrons (new negative charge)
Covalent bond
Two atoms share a pair of valance electrons
Polar covalent bonds
A pair of electrons is shared between to atoms unequally-
one part of the molecule has a small negative charge and the other has a small positive charge
Bond
Connection between 2 things to hold them together
Things go from
High to low energy
Why do atoms bond?
To get a lower energy configuration
(Fill out highest energy level)
To be stable
How many electrons can each shell hold?
1st- 2
2nd- 8
3rd- 8
Atoms with a full outer electron shell are the most…
Stable
Valance Electrons
Electrons on the atom’s highest energy level
Highest potential energy
Atom and Parts
Smallest piece of matter that is stable under normal conditions
Element
Substance made of only one type of atom
Compound
Made of more then one type of atom joined together
Pure substances
Molecule
Smallest piece of a compound
Compound > molecule
Matter
Anything that has mass amend takes up space
Biomolecules
Organic molecules associated with living organisms
C H O P N
