Atoms

Question 1

Atomic #

Answer 1

of protons in nucleus of atom, located in top right of element on periodic table

Question 2

Mass #

Answer 2

Sum of # of protons and # of neutrons, located in the nucleus

Question 3

What identifies an element

Answer 3

The # of protons in the atom

Question 4

What is an ion

Answer 4

An atom with +/- charge due to loss or gain of electrons

Question 5

Neutral atoms have the same number of what

Answer 5

Protons and electrons

Question 6

What are isotopes

Answer 6

Atoms of the same element have a different # of neutrons

Question 7

What is a proton

Answer 7

A particle within an atom with a positive charge

Question 8

What is a neutron

Answer 8

A particle within an atom with no charge

Question 9

What is an electron

Answer 9

A particle within an atom with a negative charge

Question 10

What is/are valence electron(s)

Answer 10

The electrons on the outermost shell of an atom

Question 11

What is net charge

Answer 11

The net charge is # of protons - # of electrons

Question 12

What is the definition for oxidation #

Answer 12

The charge of an atom after taking/adding valence electrons

Question 13

What is the trend for oxidation #

Answer 13

Going from the leftmost period to the rightmost period: +1, +2, +3, +/- 4, -3, -2, -1, 0

Question 14

What is the trend for valence electrons

Answer 14

Going from leftmost period to rightmost period, 1-8. Helium is an exception, has 2 valence electrons. The other noble gases all have 8.

Question 15

What is atomic radius

Answer 15

The distance from the nucleus to the outermost orbital/shell. (The size of the atom)

Question 16

Atomic radius trend

Answer 16

Atoms = Bigger, going top to bottom
Atoms = Smaller, going left to right

Question 17

Explanation for Atomic Radius trends

Answer 17

Top to bottom - More rings/shells/orbitals make atom bigger

Left to right - More protons pull electrons tighter make atom smaller

Question 18

Explanation for oxidation #

Answer 18

It is easier for an atom to lose 2 electrons than it is to gain 6. It is easier to gain 3 electrons then it is to lose 5.

Lose electrons = More positive charge
Gain electrons = More negative charge

Question 19

Lewis Dot Structure shows

Answer 19

Only valence electrons

Question 20

Bohr Model has

Answer 20

Rings, “bohr-ing”

Question 21

What does the top left number in a nuclear symbol represent

Answer 21

Mass number

Question 22

What does the bottom left number represent in a nuclear symbol

Answer 22

Number of protons

Question 23

If there is a # in the top right of a nuclear symbol, what does it represent

Answer 23

Net charge

Question 24

What is the definition for electronegativity

Answer 24

The ability of an atom to hold electrons tightly

Question 25

What is the trend for electronegativity with explanation

Answer 25

Across periods: Increase because atoms are closer to having a full shell, meaning they want to give up electrons less Down a group: Decrease because atoms gain more rings, makes it harder to hold onto electrons

Question 26

Definition of ionization energy

Answer 26

How much energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom

Question 27

What is the trend for ionization energy with explanation

Answer 27

Across periods: Increases because there are more protons that pull rings in tighter Down a group: Decreases because atoms have more electrons while having the same amount of valence electrons as above, meaning they want electrons less

Question 28

What is the trend of reactivity in metals down a group with explanation

Answer 28

Increases because electrons are not pulled in as tightly, so they are more likely to make a reaction

Question 29

What is the trend of reactivity in nonmetals as you move down a group with explanation

Answer 29

Decreases because the number of valence shells increases (increase in atomic radius). Non metals become more stable by gaining electrons

Question 30

What makes an element more metallic

Answer 30

If it is a more reactive metal

Question 31

What are the semimetals/metalloids

Answer 31

The elements lining the stairway to boron

Question 32

Hydrogen has a ______ oxidation #

Answer 32

+1/-1