Atoms Flashcards
Protons
Have a positive charge (+1)
Neutrons
Are neutral (0)
Electrons
Have a negative charge (-1)
Nucleus
Have neutrons and protons
Atomic Number
This is the number of protons in the nucleus an atom
Mass Number
This is the total number of proton and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Nucleons
The particles in the nucleus
Isotopes
Two or more of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Strong Nuclear Force
The strong force is felt between nucleons inside of the nucleus in the atom
Repulsive Force
When there are more protons in the nucleus, the stronger the repulsive.
Radioactive Decay
If the nucleus does not have the right number of protons and neutrons it becomes unstable
Alpha
Are particles which are made up of two protons and two neutrons joined together (it is a helium nucleus)
Beta Negative
Are particles which are electrons (they come out of the nucleus)
Beta Positive
Are particles which are positive electrons (also called positrons)
Alpha Radiation
When a alpha particle is emitted the mass number of the original nucleus decreases by four and the atomic number decreases by two
Beta Negative Radiation
When a beta negative particle is emitted a neutron in the original nucleus turns into a proton.
Beta Positive Radiation
When a beta positive particle is emitted a proton in the original nucleus turns into a neutron.
Gamma Radiation
As gamma radiation is just energy it does not change the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus.
Half Life
Over time the nuclei in a radioactive substance will emit radioactivity and decay into a more stable form.
Quarks
Are protons and neutrons made up of smaller particles. There are six types of quarks; up, down, strange, charm, top, bottom.
How many quarks are made up of Protons?
Two up quarks and one down quark
How many quarks are made up of neutrons?
One up quark and two down quarks
Ionisation
Ionisation is the removal of an electron from an atom or molecule.
What is the most ionising type of radiation?
Alpha Radiation ( because of its greater charger)
What type of radiation is the most harmful for us humans?
Game Radiation ( because it can easily penetrate the human body)
What is Alpha Radiation used for?
In smoke detectors
What is Beta Radiation used for?
Cancer Treatment - Brachytherapy (internal radiation)
What is Gamma Radiation used for?
To find leaks in pipes and cancer treatment
Nuclear Fission
Is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. As it breaks apart large amounts of energy are released
Nuclear Fusion
Is a reaction in which smaller nuclei are joined together to make on larger nucleus. This reaction happens in stars.
Why does Nuclear Fusion need high temperatures and pressure?
It needs high temperatures provides the nuclei with enough energy to overcome the repulsion energy and push all them together
What is the formula for how much energy is produced when mass is destroyed?
E=mc^2
How do electrons produce light?
When an electron bumps up to a higher orbit energy by absorbing energy, it then falls back down to its original shell and that fall they release this extra energy they were given as light
