Atoms

Question 1

Protons

Answer 1

Have a positive charge (+1)

Question 2

Neutrons

Answer 2

Are neutral (0)

Question 3

Electrons

Answer 3

Have a negative charge (-1)

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Have neutrons and protons

Question 5

Atomic Number

Answer 5

This is the number of protons in the nucleus an atom

Question 6

Mass Number

Answer 6

This is the total number of proton and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 7

Nucleons

Answer 7

The particles in the nucleus

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Two or more of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 9

Strong Nuclear Force

Answer 9

The strong force is felt between nucleons inside of the nucleus in the atom

Question 10

Repulsive Force

Answer 10

When there are more protons in the nucleus, the stronger the repulsive.

Question 11

Radioactive Decay

Answer 11

If the nucleus does not have the right number of protons and neutrons it becomes unstable

Question 12

Alpha

Answer 12

Are particles which are made up of two protons and two neutrons joined together (it is a helium nucleus)

Question 13

Beta Negative

Answer 13

Are particles which are electrons (they come out of the nucleus)

Question 14

Beta Positive

Answer 14

Are particles which are positive electrons (also called positrons)

Question 15

Alpha Radiation

Answer 15

When a alpha particle is emitted the mass number of the original nucleus decreases by four and the atomic number decreases by two

Question 16

Beta Negative Radiation

Answer 16

When a beta negative particle is emitted a neutron in the original nucleus turns into a proton.

Question 17

Beta Positive Radiation

Answer 17

When a beta positive particle is emitted a proton in the original nucleus turns into a neutron.

Question 18

Gamma Radiation

Answer 18

As gamma radiation is just energy it does not change the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 19

Half Life

Answer 19

Over time the nuclei in a radioactive substance will emit radioactivity and decay into a more stable form.

Question 20

Quarks

Answer 20

Are protons and neutrons made up of smaller particles. There are six types of quarks; up, down, strange, charm, top, bottom.

Question 21

How many quarks are made up of Protons?

Answer 21

Two up quarks and one down quark

Question 22

How many quarks are made up of neutrons?

Answer 22

One up quark and two down quarks

Question 23

Ionisation

Answer 23

Ionisation is the removal of an electron from an atom or molecule.

Question 24

What is the most ionising type of radiation?

Answer 24

Alpha Radiation ( because of its greater charger)

Question 25

What type of radiation is the most harmful for us humans?

Answer 25

Game Radiation ( because it can easily penetrate the human body)

Question 26

What is Alpha Radiation used for?

Answer 26

In smoke detectors

Question 27

What is Beta Radiation used for?

Answer 27

Cancer Treatment - Brachytherapy (internal radiation)

Question 28

What is Gamma Radiation used for?

Answer 28

To find leaks in pipes and cancer treatment

Question 29

Nuclear Fission

Answer 29

Is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. As it breaks apart large amounts of energy are released

Question 30

Nuclear Fusion

Answer 30

Is a reaction in which smaller nuclei are joined together to make on larger nucleus. This reaction happens in stars.

Question 31

Why does Nuclear Fusion need high temperatures and pressure?

Answer 31

It needs high temperatures provides the nuclei with enough energy to overcome the repulsion energy and push all them together

Question 32

What is the formula for how much energy is produced when mass is destroyed?

Answer 32

E=mc^2

Question 33

How do electrons produce light?

Answer 33

When an electron bumps up to a higher orbit energy by absorbing energy, it then falls back down to its original shell and that fall they release this extra energy they were given as light