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Science Yr 9 > Atoms > Flashcards

Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms?

A

The smallest unit of a pure substance.
It makes up ‘matter’.

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2
Q

What is the structure of atoms?

A

Sub-atomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons and space

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3
Q

What is the electrical charge, mass and position of the proton?

A

Positive charge, 1840x electron mass ( = neutron mass), inside nucleus

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4
Q

What is the electrical charge, mass and position of the neutron?

A

No (neutral) charge, 1840x electron mass ( = proton mass), inside nucleus

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5
Q

What is the electrical charge, mass and position of the electron?

A

Negative charge, 1x electron mass ( = neutron mass), shells

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6
Q

What is the centre of an atom called and what sub-atomic particles are present?

A

Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus.

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7
Q

Where is the mass of an atom concentrated and why?

A

In the nucleus because protons and neutrons have a heavier mass than electrons.

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8
Q

What is the charge of an atom and why?

A

The overall charge of an atom is zero (electrically neutral) because there is a balance between positive and negative charges, meaning they have the same number of protons and electrons.

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9
Q

What is most of an atom’s volume made up of?

A

Empty space.

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10
Q

What is the overall charge of the nucleus?

A

Positive - protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge.

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11
Q

What is an element?

A

Pure substance made of one kind of atom.

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

Chemically combined atoms of two or more elements.

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13
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances not chemically combined.

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14
Q

Atomic number = ?

A

The number of protons.

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15
Q

Different number of protons =

A

Different elements formed.

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16
Q

Protons + neutrons = ?

A

Mass number

17
Q

Mass number - atomic number = ?

A

Number of neutrons

18
Q

Number of electrons = ?

A

Number of protons (atomic number)

19
Q

What is the notation of atoms?

A

Nuclear symbol form - atomic mass/weight, atomic number, atomic symbol.

20
Q

What are electrons arranged into and how many can go into each?

A

Shells or energy levels.
1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 8

21
Q

Can electrons be lost or gained?

A

Yes, electrons on the valence (outer) shell can be transferred to another atom.

22
Q

What happens when electrons are lost or gained and what is the result of it?

A

There is an imbalance of positive and negative charges. This results in an overall positively or negatively charged particle.

23
Q

What is an ion and what is the name of the formation of ions?

A

An atom or particle with a net charge; charged atoms. The process is called ionisation.

24
Q

When does ionisation occur?

A

When atoms form chemical bonds or are exposed to radiation.

25
Q

Why do ions normally have a full outer shell of electrons?

A

It is a stable arrangement.

26
Q

What is the difference between metal and non-metal ions?

A

Metal ions lose electrons while non-metal ions gain electrons.

27
Q

What do the names of negative ions usually end with?

A

“ide”. e.g. when oxygen becomes a negative ion its name changes to oxide.

28
Q

How is an ion written?

A

Element symbol followed by overall charge in subscript. e.g. if oxygen gains 2 electrons, it has a charge of -2. the name and formula of the ion is oxide (O^2-)

29
Q

Why can current flow through water?

A

Water contains ions of dissolved salts and metals which freely move throughout the fluid.

30
Q

Negative ions form when an atom _______ electrons and positive ions form when an atom ________ electrons.

A

gains, loses

31
Q

What is static electricity?

A

When you rub two objects together, there is a temporary transfer of electrons which causes an imbalance of electrical charges.

32
Q

What is the relationship between positive and negative charges?

A

Opposite charges attract, like charges repel.

33
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, meaning it has a different mass number. They have the same chemical properties.

34
Q

Which one is more unstable: heavier or lighter isotopes?

A

Heavier isotopes tend to break down into smaller atoms because they are more unstable.

35
Q

True or False?: Most elements exist as a mixture of isotopes.

A

True

36
Q

For isotopes, mass number is __________ while atomic number is the _________

A

Different, same

37
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms connected by chemical bonds.
The smallest division of a compound.

38
Q

What is a positive and negative ion called?

A

Cations and anions.

39
Q

Electron cloud model vs. planetary model

A

Model of an atom in which electrons move freely.
Model of an atom in which electrons move in defined orbits.

Science Yr 9 (5 decks)

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