Atoms Flashcards
Protons
postively charged particles in the nucleus (the center) of an atom. Gives an element its Atomic Number.
Electrons
negatively charged particles
in orbit around the nucleus
Neutrons
particles with no charge in the
nucleus of atoms.
Atomic Mass
The sum of the number of protons and
neutrons.
Chlorine has an atomic mass of 35
because it has 17 protons and 18
neutrons. 17+18=35
Periodic Table
Atomic Number:
Number of protons in an atom of an element.
Element’s Symbol: An abbreviation for the element.
Elements Name
Atomic Mass/Weight:
Number of protons + neutrons.
Atomic Symbol
Represents a specific element • First letter is ALWAYS capitalized • If it has a second letter, it MUST be lower case • Example – Co = cobalt – CO = carbon and oxygen (carbon monoxide) – Sn = tin – SN = sulfur and nitrogen
Elements
A substance where all the atoms are
the same and cannot be broken
down into smaller pieces and still
have the original properties.
Hydrogen (H)
Hydrogen makes up 88% of mass in entire universe Water is mostly Hydrogen Hydrogen alone is highly flammable!
Helium (He)
With Hydrogen, makes up 99% of all mass in universe Used to cool magnets in MRIs Not found in ANY minerals
Carbon (C)
Most important element of life Diamonds and graphite in pencils are pure carbon Crystal structure makes them different
Nitrogen (N)
78% of the air we breathe Liquid Nitrogen is used to freeze blood and genetic material Used in controlled explosions such as airbags in your car.
Oxygen (O)
3rd most abundant element in universe Found in most minerals such as rubies, quartz, calcite Forms Ozone (O3) which protects us from radiation from the sun
Fluorine (F)
Is in everything from toothpaste to teflon Teflon is used for cookware and the roof of sports arenas
Sodium (Na)
Cannot exist by itself in nature. Always combines with something Will explode on contact with air/water Name comes from Natrium which was used by ancient Egyptians for mummification
Magnesium (Mg)
Important to chlorophyll Stored in human bones Used in WWII bombs because once ignited, Mg is impossible to extinguish
Aluminum (Al)
Most abundant metal in Earth’s crust Used in making many goods that we use today
Silicon (Si)
Composes 28% of Earth’s crust Most minerals contain Silicon Gel used to help heal scarring from burns
Phosphorus (P)
VERY important to Tampa Bay area Used to make fertilizers Found in soft drinks and many foods
Sulfur (S)
Smells like rotten eggs Used to make sulfuric acids All living things require sulfur to construct amino acids
Chlorine (Cl)
Used to purify water In gaseous state, Cl is toxic and burns the lungs Used in WWII by Germans against Belgians Is part of table salt (NaCl)
Potassium (K)
Important part of life Found in many foods Bananas Peanuts Potatoes Chocolate Mushrooms Found in Many Minerals
Calcium (Ca)
Important for ALL living things Found in bones and stage lights When burned with H, the result is lime. The phrase “in the limelight” comes from science!
Iron (Fe)
Important element in blood Comes from the Latin word ferrum Common in Earth’s crust Used in making steel
Nickel (Ni)
The coin, nickel, is made of a copper alloy. Only 25% is actual Nickel Nickel is found in many meteorites
Copper (Cu)
One of the first metals used Found free in nature and combined in many minerals Great conductor of electricity Oxidizes and turns green
Iodine (I)
An important element for humans Found in milk and seafood Used to clean cuts..... but it BURNS!
Lead (Pb)
Pb is Latin for plumbum Heavy Metal!!!!! Can be toxic in high doses Once used in cosmetics and pipework in houses
What element smells like rotten eggs?
Sulfur (S)
What element’s Atomic Symbol is (Fe)?
Iron
What are the two elements in table salt?
Sodium and Chlorine (NaCl)
Nitrogen (N)
Continent
A continent is one of Earth’s seven main divisions of land. The continents are, from largest to smallest: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.
Equator
An equator is an imaginary line around the middle of a planet or other celestial body. It is halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole, at 0 degrees latitude. An equator divides the planet into a Northern Hemisphere and a Southern Hemisphere.
Prime Meridian
The prime meridian is the line of 0° longitude, the starting point for measuring distance both east and west around Earth. The prime meridian is arbitrary, meaning it could be chosen to be anywhere.
Cardinal Directions
Cardinal directions are one set of directions that people around the world use. The four cardinal directions are north, south, east and west. These directions use the rising and setting of the sun as reference points. Because the Earth rotates from west to east, the sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west.
Latitude Lines
(or parallels) measure N or S
Longitude Lines
(or meridians) measure E or W
Climate
Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. A region’s weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate.
Degree
a unit of latitude or longitude, divided into 60 minutes, used to define points on the earth’s surface or on the celestial sphere.
parallel
parallel, imaginary line extending around the Earth parallel to the equator; it is used to indicate latitude. The 38th parallel, for example, has a latitude of 38° N or 38° S.
Grid
A grid is a network of evenly spaced horizontal and vertical lines used to identify locations on a map. For example, you can place a grid that divides a map into a specified number of rows and columns by choosing the reference grid type.
Meridians
longitude is measured by imaginary lines that run around Earth vertically (up and down) and meet at the North and South Poles. These lines are known as meridians.
Map Title
Usually large and at top
Symbols
Defined in the map key. Can be shapes or colors
Orientation
Cardinal directions - which way is …..?
Scale
Translates into distance
Metadata
When was map create? By when? For?
intermediate directions
The intermediate directions are northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW).
