Atomic Theory & Structure

Question 1

Aristotle

Answer 1

Believed all nonliving matter was made up of four elements: Earth, wind, water, and fire

Question 2

Democritus

Answer 2

Believed that matter was made of indivisible particles called atmos (where atoms term came from)

Question 3

Dalton (1800s)

Answer 3

Proposed modern atomic theory

Question 4

Modern atomic theory

Answer 4

1. Matter is composed of atoms (true)
2. Atoms of the same element are the same/atoms of different elements are different (doesn’t consider isotopes)
3. Atoms can’t be subdivided, created, or destroyed (can be divided into protons, neutrons, etc)
4. Atoms combine in chemical reactions to form compounds

Question 5

JJ Thompson

Answer 5

Performed cathode ray experiments and discovered electrons. Developed Plum Pudding Model

Question 6

Rutherford

Answer 6

Performed gold foil experiment and discovered the nucleus (proton)

Question 7

Bohr

Answer 7

Developed “solar system” of the atom. Worked only for hydrogen atom (experimental flaw)

Question 8

Wave Model

Answer 8

Electrons are in a cloud surrounding the nucleus

Question 9

Characteristics of a Proton (Rutherford)

Answer 9

Positive charge. Found in nucleus. Mass of 1 AMU

Question 10

AMU

Answer 10

Atomic mass unit, 1/12th of a carbon atom

Question 11

Characteristics of a Neutron (Chadwick)

Answer 11

No charge. Found in nucleus. Mass of 1 AMU

Question 12

Characteristics of a Electron (Thomson)

Answer 12

Negative charge. Found in clouds outside of nucleus. Mass of 0 AMU

Question 13

Atomic Number

Answer 13

Tells number of protons in an atom. Determines the element

Question 14

Atomic Mass

Answer 14

Number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Question 15

Electron Number

Answer 15

Same as the protons since the atoms are neutral

Question 16

Average Atomic Mass

Answer 16

Weighted average of the relative abundance of each isotope

Question 17

Isotope

Answer 17

Element with same number of protons but differing neutrons

Question 18

Formula for Atomic Mass

Answer 18

(%) times (mass) + (%) times (mass)

Question 19

Graph of Mass Spec

Answer 19

Always read y axis as amount. Always read x axis as mass

Question 20

Formula for electrons held (per orbital)

Answer 20

2n^2

Question 21

Sublevel S

Answer 21

1 orbital, holds up to 2 electrons

Question 22

Sublevel P

Answer 22

3 orbitals, holds up to 6 electrons

Question 23

Sublevel D

Answer 23

5 orbitals, holds up to 10 electrons

Question 24

Sublevel F

Answer 24

7 orbitals, holds up to 14 electrons

Question 25

Aufau Principle

Answer 25

Electrons fill lower energy levels before filling higher energy levels

Question 26

Hund’s Rule

Answer 26

Electrons in a sublevel will fill each orbital before pairing up

Question 27

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Answer 27

Electrons in same orbital will have different spins

Question 28

Frequency and Wavelength

Answer 28

inversely related (Low frequency, big wavelength)

Question 29

Non-ionizing (nondamaging) Wavelengths

Answer 29

Radio, TV, Microwaves
Infrared
Visible

Question 30

Ionizing Wavelengths

Answer 30

Ultraviolet Rays
X-Rays
Gamma (Nuclear Radiation)

Question 31

Absorb (electrons)

Answer 31

Move from lower to higher energy levels

Question 32

Emission (electrons)

Answer 32

Moves from higher to lower energy levels (light)

Question 33

UV Transition

Answer 33

Transition down to n (energy level)= 1

Question 34

Visible transition

Answer 34

Transition down to n=2

Question 35

Infrared transition

Answer 35

Transition down to n=3, anything above n=3 is infrared

Question 36

Spectrums

Answer 36

Converge at higher energy levels (energy levels aren’t evenly spaced)

Question 37

Visible light spectrum

Answer 37

ROYGBIV (ROY is low energy, GBIV is higher energy)

Question 38

E=hv

Answer 38

E= energy measured in joules (per photon)
h= Planck’s constant
v= frequency (hertz)

Question 39

Planck’s Constant

Answer 39

6.626 x 10^-34

Question 40

c= (wavelength) v

Answer 40

c= speed of light
wavelength= measured in meters
v= frequency

Question 41

c= speed of light

Answer 41

3.00 x 10^8 m/s