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Summit Science 10 Radioactivity > Atomic Theory, Isotopes, and Radioactive Decay > Flashcards

Atomic Theory, Isotopes, and Radioactive Decay Flashcards

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1
Q

How does each of the isotopes of an atom differ?

A

In the number of neutrons.

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2
Q

What does radiation refer to?

A

Radiation refers to high-energy rays and particles emitted by radioactive sources.

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3
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. Since they have different numbers of neutrons, isotopes have different mass number too.

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4
Q

What are Radioisotopes?

A

Natural or human-made isotopes that decay into other isotopes, releasing radiation. An element may have only certain isotopes that are radioactive.

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5
Q

What are the three major types of radiation?

A

Alpha Particles
Beta Particles
Gamma Rays

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6
Q

Symbol for Alpha Particles

A

He or Fish thing

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7
Q

Symbol for Beta Particles

A

An ‘e’ or a ‘B’ with a long stem.

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8
Q

Symbol for Gamma Rays

A

A ‘y’ ish looking symbol or an upright fish looking symbol.

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9
Q

When does a nuclear reaction occur?

A

A nuclear reaction occurs when radiation is released from the nucleus.

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10
Q

When does radioactivity occur?

A

When the nucleus of an atom decays.

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11
Q

What happens if an atom emits one or more protons as it decays?

A

The atom changes to an atom of another element.

Ex. Actinium-227 + Alpha Decay = Protactinium-231

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12
Q

What is Mass Number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom.

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13
Q

What is Atomic Mass?

A

The average total mass of the protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom.

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14
Q

How are isotopes presented?

A

Isotopes are presented using “Standard Atomic Notation” or “Isotope Notation”, which shows the chemical symbol, mass number and the atomic number.

Mass # is ALWAYS ABOVE atomic #

Ex. 39/19 K

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15
Q

What is radiation?

A

The high-energy rays and particles emitted by a substance as a result of changes in the nuclei of its atoms. Radioactive atoms release energy until they become stable.

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16
Q

Why do radioactive atoms emit radiation?

A

Because their nuclei is unstable.

17
Q

When does radioactive decay occur?

A

When radioactive atoms lose energy and break apart.

18
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

The process in which the nuclei of radioactive parent isotope emit alpha, beta, or gamma radiation to form decay products.

19
Q

What is alpha radiation?

A

A type of radiation resulting from the emission of helium nuclei from the nuclei of atoms.

20
Q

Are the particles of alpha radiation positively charged or negatively charged?

A

They are positively charged with a charge of 2+ because there are two protons.

21
Q

What is the most massive out of all radiation types?

A

Alpha Radiation.

22
Q

What is the release of alpha particles called?

A

Alpha decay.

23
Q

What can be used to stop alpha particles?

A

A sheet of paper.

24
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

A high-speed electron that is emitted by a radioactive nucleus in beta decay.

25
Q

When does beta decay occur?

A

It occurs when a neutron changes into a proton plus an electron. The proton stays in the nucleus, and the electron is released.

26
Q

How much does a beta particle weight?

A

Since electrons are very tiny, beta particles are assigned a mass of 0.

27
Q

What is a beta particle’s charge?

A

-1

28
Q

What could be used to stop beta particles?

A

Aluminum foil.

29
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

A ray of high-energy, short-wavelength radiation, emitted from the nuclei of atoms.

30
Q

What does the * symbol mean?

A

It means that the atom has extra energy.

31
Q

Does gamma radiation have a charge or mass? If yes, what is it?

A

No, they don’t have charge and mass.

32
Q

Does the release of gamma radiation the atomic # or mass #?

A

Nope.

33
Q

What is the highest-energy form of electromagnetic radiation?

A

Gamma radiation.

34
Q

How can you stop gamma rays?

A

With a very very thick block of lead. or concrete.

35
Q

How does gamma decay occur?

A

From a high-energy nucleus releasing energy. Often, other kinds of radioactive decay will also release gamma radiation.

36
Q

How are nuclear equations written like?

A

They are written like chemical equations, with reactants of the left and products of the right, but they represent changes in the nucleus of atoms.

37
Q

What doesn’t change in a nuclear equation?

A

The sum of the mass and the sum of the charges.

Summit Science 10 Radioactivity (3 decks)

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