atomic sturcture and the periodic table Flashcards

1
Q

what is an atom

A

make up all substances and are the smallest part of an element that can exist

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2
Q

what are compounds

A

formed from elements by chemical reactions. chemical reactions always involve the formation of one or more substances often involve an energy change

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3
Q

what do compounds contain

A

two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

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4
Q

what can compounds be separated into

A

elements by chemical reactions

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5
Q

what is a mixture

A

consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together

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6
Q

how can a mixture be separated

A

filtration crystallisation distillation fractional distillation or chromatography

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7
Q

what was the discovery of the plum pudding model

A

atom ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

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8
Q

what did james chadwick discover

A

neutrons within the nucleus

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9
Q

what is the atomic number

A

the number of protons in an atom of an element

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10
Q

what is the proton neutron and electron relative charge

A

proton - +1
neutron - 0
electron - -1

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11
Q

what is the proton neutron and electron relative mass

A

proton - 1
neutron - 1
electron - very small

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12
Q

what is the mass number

A

the sum of the protons and neutrons in a atom

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13
Q

what are isotopes

A

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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14
Q

what is the relative atomic mass

A

an average value that takes account of the abundance of the isotope of the element

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15
Q

what are metals

A

elements that react to form positive ions

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16
Q

what are non-metals

A

elements that do not form positive ions

17
Q

where are non-metals found

A

towards the right and top of the periodic table

18
Q

where are metals found

A

majority of elements are metal
found to the left and towards the bottom

19
Q

what are group 1

A

alkali metals

20
Q

what are some characteristics of alkali metals

A

react with oxygens to create an oxide
they react with chlorine to form a white precipitate
reactivity increases when going down the group

21
Q

what are group 0 called

A

noble gases

22
Q

what are some characteristics of noble gases

A

they have 8 electrons in there outer shell (except helium 2)
all have full outer shells
the are unreactive and do not easily form molecules
the boiling point increases with increasing the relative atomic mass

23
Q

what are group 7

A

the halogens

24
Q

what are some characteristics of halogens

A

they react with metals to form an ionic compound in which the halide ion carries a -1 charge
they react with non-metals to form a covalent compound
reactivity decreases going down the group
decrease reactivity means that a more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive one in a aqueous solution of its salt

25
Q

what does a non metal + metal create

A

ionic bond

26
Q

what does a non-metal + non-metal create

A

covalent bond