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Chemistry Paper 1 > Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Non metal elements that exist as molecules, two atoms together

A

Iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
(IBring Clay For Our New House)

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2
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together
-chemical properties are the same

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3
Q

Ways to separate mixtures (5)

A

-filtration
-crystallisation
-simple and fractional distillation
-chromatography
These are physical processes, do not involve chemical reactions and no new substances are made

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4
Q

Compound

A

A substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined
-elements in compounds always have fixed proportions e.g. CO2= 12g of carbon 32g of oxygen

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5
Q

Ion

A

A charged particle formed when an atom or group of atom loses or gains electrons
e.g. sodium=Na+, one positive electrical charge

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6
Q

Ionic compound

A

When a negative ion (atom that has gained an electron) joins with a positive ion (that has lost an electron)

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7
Q

State symbols

A

Symbol in chemical equations to show if a substance is solid,liquid, gas or an aqueous solution

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8
Q

A pure substance consists of …

A

Only one element or compound

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9
Q

Filtration

A

When a mixture is separated through using filter paper and a funnel and pouring the mixture through the paper and funnel so the liquid drips through and the solid remains in the paper.

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10
Q

Crystallisation

A

When a solution is placed over a Bunsen burner in an evaporating basin and heated which causes the water in the solution to evaporate and leave the solid crystals behind

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11
Q

Simple distillation

A

When the dissolved solute has a much higher boiling point than the solvent in a solution so when it is heated the solvent evaporates

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12
Q

Fractional distillation example with water and ethanol

A
  • water and ethanol solution heated
  • ethanol evaporates first, travels up through the fractioning column and is cooled, condenses and is collected in a beaker
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13
Q

Paper chromatography

A
  • water and ethanol solution heated
  • paper with pencil line on and ink or plant dye lowered into it
  • the dye spreads up the paper
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14
Q

Uses for paper chromatography

A

-distinguishes the difference between pure and impure substances by the amount of spots on the paper they produce

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15
Q

John Dalton 1803

A

Thought all matter was made of tiny particles called atoms

-thought they were tiny spheres that could not divide

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16
Q

JJ Thomson

A
  • discovered the electron
  • created the plum pudding model we’re the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in like currants in a cake
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17
Q

Ernest Rutherford 1909

A
  • Created the nuclear model, mass is concentrated at the centre (the nucleus)
  • this nucleus is positively charged
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18
Q

Alpha particles

A

Subatomic particles comprising of 2 protons and neutrons, the same as a helium nucleus

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19
Q

Niels Bohr

A
  • discovered electrons orbit the nucleus in shells a certain distance away
  • discovered the nucleus contained protons which had a positive charge
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20
Q

James Chadwick 1932

A
  • discovered neutrons

- developed the model we use today

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21
Q

Neutrons

A

Subatomic particles with no charge but a mass of 1

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22
Q

Protons relative mass and charge

A

1

+1

23
Q

Neutrons relative mass and charge

A

1

0

24
Q

Electrons relative mass and charge

A

Basically 0

-1

25
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

26
Q

Atoms of a given element have —— number of protons

A

The same

27
Q

An atom contains equal numbers of…

A

Protons and electrons

-results in atoms having no overall charge

28
Q

Mass number

A

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

29
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

-these atoms have the same atomic number but different mass numbers as atoms of the same element

30
Q

How many isotopes of hydrogen are there

A

3

31
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The mean relative mass of the atoms of the different isotopes of an element

32
Q

Dmitri Mendeleev

A
  • created the first periodic table in 1869
  • arranged it by atomic weight
  • had gaps in it
33
Q

Periods (periodic table)

A

Were elements are arranged in rows in order of increasing atomic number

34
Q

Groups

A

Were elements with similar properties are placed in vertical columns

35
Q

Electronic structure

A

The way in which electrons are arranged in an atom

36
Q

Number of shells links to…

A

Period number

37
Q

Number of electrons on outermost shell links too…

A

Group number

38
Q

The numbers added together (e.g. 2+8+1=11) links to…

A

Atomic number

39
Q

Metals

A

Shiny, good conductors of electricity and heat and form basic oxides
- loose electrons to form positive ions

40
Q

Non-metals

A

Poor conductors, form acidic oxides , dull

41
Q

Were are metals and non-metals on the periodic table

A

Metals = left

Non-metals =right

42
Q

Reaction of metals and non metals

A 
Metals = loose electrons and form positive ions 
Non-metals = gain electrons and form negative ions
43
Q

Noble gases

A

Elements in group 0

  • low boiling points ( become higher as you go down the group)
  • very unreactive, have full outer shells so are stable
44
Q

Alkali metals on the periodic table

A 
Group 1 elements 
-soft 
-low melting points (becomes lower as you go down the group)
-low densities
Reactivity increases down the group
45
Q

Lithium reaction in water

A

Fizzing, becomes smaller and dissolves

46
Q

Sodium reaction in water

A

Fizzes rapidly
Forms a ball
Dissolves

47
Q

Potassium reaction in water

A

Burns violently, sparks
Lilac flame
Forms a ball
Disappears rapidly, often with small explosion

48
Q

Alkali metals reaction with oxygen

A
  • burns vigorously
  • forms a white smoke
  • forms white oxide on the surface of the metal
49
Q

Halogens

A

Group 7 elements, produce salts when reacted with metals
Relative molecular mass, Melting and boiling point increases down the group
Reactivity decreases down the group

50
Q

Covalent bonds

A

A bond between atoms formed when atoms share electrons to achieve full outer shells

51
Q

Halogens reaction with metals

A

Produce salts, held together by ionic bonds

52
Q

Halogens reaction with non metals

A

With hydrogen, produces a compound called hydrogen halide which are gases at room temp, dissolve in water and produce acidic solutions

53
Q

In a reaction, a more reactive halogen can…

A

Displace the less reactive halogen in a displacement reaction

Chemistry Paper 1 (2 decks)

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