Atomic Structure, Quantum #'s, and configuration Flashcards
What is Planck’s constant in joules?
Planck’s constant is represented as the letter ‘h’ and has a value h=6.626x10^-34 J*s
What is planck’s equation?
E=hf where E is energy, h is planck’s constant, and f is frequency
Fe2+
Ferrous ion
Fe3+
Ferric ion
1amu= ____Da
1 Da=1.66x10^-27kg
The closer an electron is the the nucleus, the _______ energy it has, and the _______stable it is.
less energy, more stable
What is the Rydberg equation and what is it used for?
Rydberg- calculate amount of energy emitted or absorbed by an electron.
Describe the differences between shell, subshell, and orbital.
The shell corresponds to the princial quantum number (n). It describes the energy level an electron may be found in. Subshell refers to the angular momentum (l) which gives the designations s, p, d, f. The subshells have specific shapes and orientations. The orbital corresponds to the magnetic quantum number which is the orientation in space. The s subshell only has one orbital. The p has 3 orbitals. A single orbital can only hold a max of two electrons.
Alkali metals bind to H to form hydrides. These compounds are acidic or basic?
Basic
What is the trend of Zeff?
Zeff increases across a period and up a group. When you move across a period, atomic number goes up, which means that the number of protons in the nucleus goes up, increasing Zeff. When you move down a period, however, the shielding effect goes up because there is another electron shell in the way, causing the force on the valence electrons to go down. For this reason, Zeff actually goes down as you move down the periodic table, despite the increasing charge of the nuclei.
How would you increase the Zeff of an atom?
More protons in nucleus OR fewer valence electrons. Zeff, or effective nuclear charge, increases when there are fewer non-valence electrons because there will be less shielding.
What is the trend for atomic radius
Atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group, so larger atomic radii are found in the bottom left and the smaller atomic radii are found in the top right. Thus, the correct order in terms of increasing atomic radius is fluorine, then nitrogen, then boron, then sodium, and finally potassium.
What is Ionization Energy?
Ionization energy refers to the energy required to free a valence electron from an element.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Orbitals can only have max of 2 e- per orb w/opposite spins
Why is electron affinity exothermic for bromine but endothermic for potassium?
To establish a complete octet, bromine needs only one additional electron. Therefore, when bromine gains an electron, it will become more stable and release energy. Potassium, in contrast, prefers to lose an electron to have a full octet. For this element, adding another electron is unfavorable and will require energy, making it an endothermic process.
The heme molecule is a porphyrin with a coordinated iron atom at the center. The heme molecule has all of the following hybrid orbitals EXCEPT:
sp.
sp2.
sp3
sp3d2.
sp
There are no triple bonds in the heme molecule, which would be indicative of sp orbitals.
A new element (“L”) is discovered and found to contain 240 protons and 120 neutrons. What is the correct atomic notation for this element?
In standard atomic notation, the mass number (or total number of nucleons) is written above the atomic number (or number of protons). Since this element has 240 protons and 120 neutrons, it must have a mass number of 360 and an atomic number of 240.
