Atomic structure/properties

Question 1

radioactive decay types

Answer 1

alpha - decreases mass number by 4 and atomic number by 2
beta - adds 1 to atomic number
positron emission - subtracts 1 from atomic number
electron capture - subtracts 1 from atomic number
gamma decay - doesn’t change mass or electron number

Question 2

exponential decay formula

Answer 2

N= N0(1/2)^(T/t/.5)

t/.5 = half life

T=total time sampled has decayed

Question 3

mass defect formula

Answer 3

total mass of separate nucleons - mass of nucleus

Question 4

nuclear binding energy formula

Answer 4

Eb= deltaM kg *9 *10^16J
or
Eb (in electrovolts) = deltaM(in amu) * 931.5 MeV

Question 5

photon energy

Answer 5

EPhoton= hf = h(c/wavelength)

h=6.63 *10^-34 J/s

Question 6

How are wavelength and energy related

Answer 6

They are inverses of each other

Question 7

s orbital

Answer 7

has one spherically symmetrical orbital

Question 8

p orbital

Answer 8

has three orbitals

Question 9

three rules of electron configuration

Answer 9

electrons occupy lowest available energy orbital, electrons in same sub shell occupy available orbitals singly, before pairing up, there can be no more than two electrons in any given orbital

Question 10

rules for adding and removing electrons

Answer 10

electrons are added to lowest energy orbital and removed from highest n level

S electrons are lost before d electrons

Question 11

Atomic radius trends

Answer 11

decrease left to right across and period and increases down a group

Question 12

Ionization energy trend

Answer 12

increases to the right across a period and up a group

Question 13

electron affinity trend

Answer 13

usually becomes more negative as we move to right across a row or up a group but there are exceptions

Question 14

electronegativity trend

Answer 14

increases to right across a period and decreases down a group

F>O>N=Cl>Br>I>S>C>H

fawn cull brish

Question 15

acidity trend

Answer 15

increase down a group and to the right across a period