Atomic Structure (Physical) Flashcards

1
Q

acceleration

A

second stage of TOF spectrometry. the positively charged ions are accelerated by an electric field so that they have the same kinetic energy

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2
Q

atom

A

the smallest part of an element that can exist. all substances are made up of atoms

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3
Q

atomic nucleus

A

positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it

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4
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

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5
Q

electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle which orbits the nucleus at various energy levels. relative mass of 1/2000

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6
Q

electron configuration

A

the distribution of electrons of an atom in orbitals

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7
Q

electron impact ionisation

A

method of ionisation in TOF spectrometry. the sample is vaporised and an electron gun fires high energy electrons at it, causing an electron to be knocked off each particle to produce 1+ ions

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8
Q

electrospray ionisation

A

method of ionisation in TOF spectrometry. the sample is dissolved and pushed through a fine nozzle at a high pressure. a high voltage is applied to it causing each particle to gain an H+ ion. the sample is then turned into a gas.

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9
Q

first ionisation energy

A

the energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions

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10
Q

ion detection

A

fourth stage of TOF spectrometry. the negatively charged plate detects charged particles and a mass spectrum is produced

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11
Q

ion drift

A

third stage of TOF spectrometry. the ions enter a region with no electric fields, so they drift through it. the lighter the ion, the faster they will drift

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12
Q

ionisation

A

first stage of TOF spectrometry. the sample can be ionised by electrospray ionisation or electron impact ionisation

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13
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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14
Q

mass number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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15
Q

mass spectrometer

A

a mass spectrometer gives accurate information about relative isotopic mass and also about the relative abundance of isotopes

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16
Q

mass spectrometry

A

mass spectrometry can be used to identify elements and determine relative molecular mass

17
Q

neutron

A

neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. relative mass of 1

18
Q

nuclear charge

A

total charge of all the protons in the nucleus. it has the same value as the atomic number. increases as you go across the periodic table

19
Q

proton

A

positively charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. relative mass of 1

20
Q

second ionisation energy

A

the energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form 1 mole of gaseous 2+ ions

21
Q

sub-shells (orbitals)

A

electron shells are divided up into sub-shells which have slightly different energy levels. the sub-shells have different numbers of orbitals which can each hold up to two electrons. types of sub-shell: s, p, d, and f

22
Q

time of flight (TOF) spectrometer

A

a method of mass spectrometry where an ions mass-to-charge ratio is determined by a time of flight measurement. consists of four stages: ionisation, acceleration, ion drift, and detection