Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Question 1

Aufbau Principle

Answer 1

Electrons are added from lowest energy orbital to highest energy orbital.

Question 2

Core Electrons

Answer 2

Electrons in the inner shell of an atom.

Question 3

Transition metals

Answer 3

Elements in groups 3-12 on the periodic table.

Question 4

Main group elements

Answer 4

Elements in groups: 1A, 2A, 3A, etc.

Question 5

Hund’s rule

Answer 5

1. Lowest energy configuration for an atom has maximum number of unpaired electrons.

Question 6

1^st Ionization Energy

Answer 6

Al_(g) + → Al⁺_(g) + e^-

Question 7

Valence Electrons

Answer 7

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Question 8

Electron Affinity

Answer 8

F_(g) + e^- → F^-_(g)

Question 9

Alkali Metals

Answer 9

Elements in group 1 on the periodic table.

Question 10

Atomic Radius

Answer 10

Distance between two nuclei.

Question 11

2^nd Ionization Energy

Answer 11

Al+_(g) → Al²⁺_(g)+ e^-

Question 12

Semimetals

Answer 12

Elements Exhibiting properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Question 13

Orbital Diagram

Answer 13

Box diagram representing configuration of electrons.

Question 14

Quantized

Answer 14

Discrete units of energy in size of hv

Question 15

Photoelectronic Effect

Answer 15

Phenomenon of electrons emitted from a metal surface when light strikes it

Question 16

Line Spectrum

Answer 16

Spectrum containing disrete wavelengths of light

Question 17

Quantum Mechanical Model

Answer 17

model based on wave properties of an electron

Question 18

Subshell

Answer 18

Combination of energy level and shape of orbital

Question 19

Magnetic Quantum Number

Answer 19

m_l, Orientation of orbital in space relative to other orbitals

Question 20

Continuous Spectrum

Answer 20

spectrum containing all wavelengths of visible light

Question 21

Principle Quantum Number

Answer 21

n, Size and energy of an orbital

Question 22

Polyelectronic atoms

Answer 22

atoms with more than one electron

Question 23

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 23

in a given atom, no two electrons habe the same set of quantum numbers

Question 24

Electron Spin Quantum Number

Answer 24

m_s, values +1/2 and -1/2

Question 25

Angular Momentum Quantum Number

Answer 25

l, shape of atomic orbitals

Question 26

wavelength

Answer 26

distance between two consecutive peaks

Question 27

Frequency

Answer 27

Numbeer of waves (cycles) per second

Question 28

Photons

Answer 28

energy “particles”

Question 29

isoelectronic

Answer 29

particles with the same number of electrons

Question 30

paramagnetic

Answer 30

associated with unpaired electrons

(attracted to a magnetic field)

Question 31

diamagnetic

Answer 31

associated with paired electrons

(repelled from a magnetic field)