Atomic structure + Periodic table

Question 1

What is an atom made up of?

Answer 1

-a positively charged nucleus (protons and neutrons) surrounded by negatively charged electrons

Question 2

What are molecules?

Answer 2

-two or more atoms chemically joined together

Question 3

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?

Answer 3

• 0.0005 (rounded to 0)

- minus 1

Question 4

What is the mass number?

Answer 4

-top number

Question 5

What is atomic number?

Answer 5

-bottom number

Question 6

What determines an element’s atomic number?

Answer 6

-protons

Question 7

How do you calculate relative atomic mass?

Answer 7

-(% abundance x isotope mass number) + the other isotope’s (% abundance x isotope mass number) /100

Question 8

What do elements in the same column (group) have in common?

Answer 8

• same no of electrons in outer shell meaning they have similar chemical properties + will react in same way
• group no = no of electrons in outer shell

Question 9

How is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 9

-in order of atomic number (no of protons)

Question 10

How can we identify an atoms energy level?

Answer 10

-The closer a shell is to the nucleus, the lower its energy level

Question 11

What do metals form when they react?

Answer 11

-they lose 1 or more of these negatively charged electrons to form positively charged ions

Question 12

What are the properties of metals?

Answer 12

• Metals have high melting and boiling points.
• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Metals are all solids (except for mercury) at room temperature.
• Metals form metal oxides when they react with oxygen. Metal oxides are alkaline

Question 13

Where are non-metals found on the periodic table?

Answer 13

-on the right because they have many electrons in their outer shell

Question 14

What are properties of non metals?

Answer 14

• Non-metals have lower melting and boiling points than metals.
• Non-metals are often found as gases.
• Non-metals generally do NOT conduct heat or electricity.
• Non-metals form non-metal oxides when they react with oxygen. Non-metal oxides are acidic

Question 15

What are noble gases + where are they found?

Answer 15

• Group 0
• are unreactive because they have a full outer electron shell
• can be used in light bulbs because they will NOT react with the hot metal filament

Question 16

What is a property of the noble gases?

Answer 16

• have low boiling points.
• low density
• But their boiling points + density do increase as you move down the periodic table. This is because the relative atomic mass increases lower down the periodic table

Question 17

How do alkaline metals and transition metals differ?

Answer 17

-transition metals have: higher melting points, higher density and lower reactivity

Question 18

What do transition metals form?

Answer 18

• ions with different positive charges
• colourful compounds
• used as catalysts

Question 19

What metals are alkali metals?

Answer 19

-potassium, sodium, lithium

Question 20

Which group of elements form diatomic molecules and because less reactive as you move down?

Answer 20

-group 7, halogens