Atomic Structure & periodic Table Flashcards
Around how many elements are listed on the periodic table?
100
Elements only contain 1 type of…?
Atom
How are compounds formed?
They are formed from elements by chemical reactions
Definition of a compound?
Two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions
what is the only way compounds can be separated from elements?
Chemical reactions
What comes first when naming compounds?
Metal
What does the compound contain if it ends in IDE?
Just the 2 elements mentioned
What does the compound contain if it ends in ATE?
The 2 elements mentioned and oxygen
What is the definition of a mixture?
a mixture consists of 2 or more elements/ compounds that are not chemically bonded
How can mixtures be separated?
Through physical processes
Name the four physical processes
Filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation
What does filtration separate?
an insoluble solid from a liquid
What does crystallisation separate?
a solute from a solution e.g salt from water
What does simple distillation separate?
a solvent from a solution e.g water from an ink solution
What does fractional distillation seperate?
a mixture of miscible liquids with different boiling points
What is a solute?
the substance dissolved in a solution e.g salt in salty water
What is a solvent?
the substance that dissolves the solute e.g with salty water, water is the solvent
Describe the plum pudding model
the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it
What conclusion did the alpha particle scattering experiment lead to?
Nucleur model- that the mass of an atom is concentrated in the centre (nucleus) and that the nucleus was charged
How did Bohr adapt the nucleur model?
he suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances
What did later expirements lead to?
the idea that the positive charge of any nucleus could be subdivided into smaller particles, each particle having the same amount of positive charge - protons
What did Chadwick’s expiremental works provide evidence for?
showed the existence of neutrons in a nucleus
How many years from when the nucleus became an accepted idea, did chadwick show existence of neutrons?
20 years
What is the electrical charge of a proton, neutron and electron?
+1, 0, -1
