Atomic Structure- Organic

Question 1

Outline elements

Answer 1

The simplest substances made up from simple particles
Consist of atoms which are all the same; either as single atoms or bonded together.

Question 2

Outline molecules

Answer 2

More than one atom bonded together.

Question 3

Outline compounds

Answer 3

Molecular and a combination of different atoms

Question 4

Outline an atom

Answer 4

Basic unit that makes up all matter.
Made from smaller sub-atomic particles
Number of protons always equal to number of electrons

Question 5

Outline the noble gases

Answer 5

Odourless, colourless, low chemical activity, mono-atomic gases

Question 6

What is relative atomic mass

Answer 6

Mass of. Protons and numbers of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 7

What are isotopes

Answer 7

Different numbers of. Protons and neutrons of the same elements

Question 8

What is absorption spectrum

Answer 8

Hydrogen atoms absorb specific wavelengths of light, absorb a set energy
Absorption of energy causes an electron to jump from low energy to a high energy state

Question 9

What is the Rutherford-Bohr model

Answer 9

Electrons move around orbitals in a fixed circular orbit
Each orbit has its own fixed energy
Shell closest to nucleus is ground state-lowest energy level

Question 10

How many electrons does N1 hold

Answer 10

2

Question 11

How many electrons does N2 hld

Answer 11

8

Question 12

How many electrons does N3 hold

Answer 12

18

Question 13

How many electrons does N4 hold

Answer 13

32

Question 14

What are valence electrons

Answer 14

Electrons in the highest shell

Question 15

Outline the S orbital

Answer 15

Sphere, symmetrical, found in all orbitals, hold a maximum of 2 electrons

Question 16

Outline the P orbitals

Answer 16

Dumbbells, lobes either side of the nucleus, identical in shape, 3 orbitals found at principle energy levels of 2 and above

Question 17

Outline D orbitals

Answer 17

5 orbitals, only found in quantum numbers 3 and above- 2 electrons

Question 18

Outline F orbitals

Answer 18

7 orbitals

Question 19

How are atomic orbitals filled

Answer 19

Spin pairing

Question 20

Outline spin pairing

Answer 20

Two electrons to be in the same orbital, minimise repulsion, spin must be paired- far away from each other. One arrow pointing up, one pointing down, most energy efficient way to be in same orbital.

Question 21

What is hu nds rule

Answer 21

Electrons fill a set of degenerative energy orbitals by keeping their spins parallel before double occupying each orbital, to minimise those electron repulsion’s

Question 22

Outline the aufbau principle

Answer 22

To populate orbitals for a given atom, start at the lowest energy orbital and work upwards