Atomic Structure of Matter

Question 1

Water (H20)

Answer 1

an inorganic transparent, tasteless, odorless and nearly colorless chemical substance in theory, in practice water is a medium for other chemical substances

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

smallest unit of ordinary matter. Every solid, fluid, gas and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are so small (100pm 10-10m) their behavior isn’t predictable by the laws of classic physics (but possible entering quantum realm). Atoms consist of core (protons and neutrons) and orbitals (electrons)

Question 4

Elements

Answer 4

Substance consisting of atoms having the same atomic number (number of protons)
Atoms of the same element can differ in atomic mass (defined by number of protons and neutrons) in this case we call them isotopes

Question 5

Molecule

Answer 5

electrically neutral group of atoms held by chemical bonding.
Homonuclear (O2) or Heteronuclear (H2O)

Question 6

Periodic table groups (vertical columns)

Answer 6

the same number of electrons in the outermost shells, forming bonds of the same type

Question 7

Periodic table periods (horizontal rows)

Answer 7

correspond to the relations of orbitals

Question 8

Ions

Answer 8

When atoms lose or gain electrons in the outermost shells it becomes an ion. Ions are no longer electrically neutral

Question 9

cation

Answer 9

positively charged ions

Question 10

anion

Answer 10

negatively charged ions

Question 11

Electronegativity

Answer 11

the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons or electron density

Question 12

Ionic bonding

Answer 12

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 13

covalent bonding

Answer 13

sharing electrons