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Gen Chem > Atomic Structure & Nucleus > Flashcards

Atomic Structure & Nucleus Flashcards

4E p15

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1
Q

What occupies most of the atoms volume?

A

Electrons

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2
Q

what subatomic particle has the most mass?

A

Neutrons
protons
electrons

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3
Q

What is atomic number?

A

It is the number of protons and electrons
p=e

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4
Q

How to find the number of neutrons?

A

Mass no - atomic no

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5
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same number of Protons but different number of neutrons
They have the same atomic number(small) but different mass number(big)

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6
Q

How are isotopes written?

A

Symbol and mass number at the top

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7
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms become ions after gaining or losing an electron

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8
Q

cations

A

are positive
Loss of electron happened

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9
Q

anions

A

are negative
gain of e happened

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10
Q

Where do we put the electrons for cation and anion equations?

A

cation: put in products (Na = Na + e)
anion: put in reactants (O +2e = O)

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11
Q

How to find the atomic mass of an isotope?

A

Sum of (% of isotope x mass of isotope)

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12
Q

how are isotopes of atoms determined?

A

mass spectrometer (IADD)
Ionization (sample is already)
acceleration (through electromagnet)
deflection (circular path)
detection (on plate)

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13
Q

What does Dalton’s hypothesis for constant mass explain?

A

Naturally a green samples of an element have almost the same mixture of isotopes

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14
Q

how are artificial elements different from natural element in terms of atomic mass and atomic number?

A

Artificial elements have atomic number greater than 92 & don’t have an atomic mass

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15
Q

what is the value of the fundamental unit of charge

A

1.6 x 10^-19 C

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16
Q

What subatomic particle uniquely identifies an element?

A

Proton

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17
Q

what is the energy level of the electrons that are closer to the nucleus?

A

They are at lower energy level

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18
Q

Name the 3 isotopes of Hydrogen.

A

Atomic mass 1 amu = protium
2 amu = deuterium
3 amu = tritium

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19
Q

atomic weight

A

Weighted average of different isotopes
number on the periodic table
Corresponds with mass number

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20
Q

What is a mole and what is it equals to?

A

Atoms, ions, molecules
6.02 x 10^23

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21
Q

Binding energy

A

Energy required to separate components an atom

22
Q

mass defect

A

When the nucleus has less mass than the sum of Protons and neutrons

23
Q

nucleon

A

collective term for protons and neutrons

24
Q

How is binding energy measured

A

Per nucleon

25
Q

what is the formula for binding energy

A

E = mc^2
c = 3 x 10^8

26
Q

How to convert u to kg

A

/6.022*10^23 / 1000

27
Q

Nuclear transmutation

A

When nuclear changes changes the number of protons

28
Q

Radioactive/nuclear decay

A

When naturally occurring isotopes of some elements get rid of their protons or neutrons to become stable

29
Q

Why are isotopes radioactive?

A

Because they emit nuclear radiation

30
Q

Name nuclear radiation types

A

Alpha particles
Beta particles
Positrons
Gamma radiation

31
Q

What are alpha particles made up of and which element are they associated with

A

2p + 2n
He - 4 (of periodic table)

32
Q

What are beta particles?

A

They are electrons with extremely high energies

33
Q

What are positrons?

A

They are similar to beta particles with positive charges

34
Q

photons

A

electromagnetic packets of light

35
Q

What are gamma particles?

A

photons of EM radiation

36
Q

nuclide

A

nucleus of the isotope

37
Q

parent nuclide

A

nuclide that undergoes radioactive decay is

38
Q

daughter nuclide

A

nuclide that is produced

39
Q

what is the mass number of beta and positron?

A

0

40
Q

positron emission / beta plus decay

A

Type of beta decay in which emitted particle is a positron

41
Q

positron

A

antimatter equivalent of an electron with positive charge

42
Q

Electron capture

A

One of the electrons closer to the nucleus are pulled in and a proton is converted to a neutron

43
Q

Radioactive series

A

When a radioactive isotope decays and produces another radioactive isotope which further decays

44
Q

Disintegration

A

Each particle’s emission

45
Q

Activity (A)
How is activity of a sample measured

A

Rate of decay
Can be measured in the number of disintegrations per unit time

46
Q

Geiger counter

A

A device that can detect radioactive disintegrations

47
Q

why is I-123 used instead of I-131?

A

I-131 is carcinogenic

48
Q

Why are radioactive isotopes used as tracers to determine the activity of the non radioactive isotope?

A

Both of them undergo the same chemical reactions
non radioactive isotopes cannot be traced

49
Q

Strong nuclear force

A

attractive force that all nucleons exert on other nucleons to keep the nucleus from flying apart

50
Q

Magic numbers

A

Number of protons within a nucleus that make it more stable

Gen Chem (3 decks)

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