Atomic Structure, Mass, Mass Defect Flashcards
What is Rutherford known for discovering and how did he discover this?
This figure discovered the atomic nucleus through backscattering experiments.
How does the number of protons relate to the atomic number?
These two atomic values are equal.
To which element does the mass defect not apply and why?
The mass of a hydrogen atom is exactly equal to the sum of its proton and electron.
What is the mass defect?
The mass of an atom is less than the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons and electrons.
What concept explains the atomic mass defect?
The binding energy exerted by the atomic nucleus onto its neutrons and electrons.
The mass defect is a measure of the binding energy of the nucleus.
Which equation demonstrates the mass defect of an atom?
E = mc^2
How can an atom’s mass defect be calculated?
This value can be calculated by finding the difference between the measured mass of an atom and the sum of its nucleus, neutrons, and electrons.
How can the binding energy of an atom be found using the mass defect value?
This value can be found by inserting the calculated mass defect and the speed of light (c) into the E=mc^2 equation.
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.022 x 10^23
What is the energy of a hydrogen bond?
~15 kj/mol
What is the energy or enthalpy of a C-C bond?
~350 kJ/mol
What amount of energy is released upon burning 1 mole of butane (C4H10)?
~2.86 x 10^3 kJ/mol
What is the binding energy within a lithium nucleus?
3.79 x 10^9 kJ/mol
