Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RADT 250 - Equipment Operation II > Atomic Structure & Electrostatics > Flashcards

Atomic Structure & Electrostatics Flashcards

1
Q

anything that occupies space and has inertia

A

matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

smallest subdivision of a substance (compound) having the characteristic properties of that substance

A

molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what determines the state of a substance (solid, liquid, gas) ?

A

the degree of attraction between molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what two types of bonds hold together molecules?

A

ionic and covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ionic bonding of molecules

A

when one molecule is negatively charged and another molecule is positively charged, they are attracted to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

covalent bonding of molecules

A

when two molecules share an outer shell electron in order to bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

smallest subdivision of an element

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

substances with varying composition (wood / air )

A

mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

any material that has a definite, constant composition

A

substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an example of a simple substance?

A

O2 ( O atom + O atom) makes oxygen substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

definition of simple substance

A

elements in definite composition (O2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

complex substances are also known as

A

compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chemical union of 2 or more elements in definite proportions

A

complex substances or compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

salt is an example of what kind of substance?

A

complex substance or compound (NaCl sodium and chloride)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

matter that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by ordinary means

A

elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the smallest unit of an element

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Danish physicist who theorized the atomic structure in 1913

A

Neils Bohr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which nucleons are deficient of charge

A

protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

list shells or orbits of electrons and numbers

A

K - Q 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If Tungsten has an atomic number of 74, how many shells does it have?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

A

each orbital shell is made up of sub shells where each sub shell contains no more than 2 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

according to Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, how many sub shells does the L shell have?

A

4 (because 8 total electrons in L shell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what conditions allow for a neutral atom?

A

octet or equal number of electrons and protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

octet

A

contains 8 electrons in the outer shell (valence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
another name for outer shell
valence
26
weight of a neutron
1.6 x 10^-24 grams
27
weight of a proton
1.6 x 10^-24 grams
28
weight of an electron
1,828 times less than a proton or neutron
29
atomic number or Z number represents what?
number of protons in an atom
30
atomic mass number or A number represents what?
number of protons and neutrons
31
mass of atom relative to Carbon 12
atomic weight
32
atomic mass unit
amu - 1/12 of Carbon 12 nucleus
33
an atom in its normal state
nuclide
34
atom with number of electrons altered
ion
35
atom with the same atomic number, but different mass number due to difference in neutrons
isotope
36
altering the number of protons in an atom will change what?
the element
37
any of two or more kinds of atoms having the same atomic mass, but different atomic numbers
isobar
38
any of two or more nuclei with the same mass number and atomic number that have different radioactive properties and can exist in any of several energy states
isomer
39
why are ethanol and dimethyl ether isomers?
they contain the same atomic components, but they differ in the way the atoms are joined together in their molecules
40
one of two or more atoms whose nuclei have the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons
isotone
41
how to find the number of neutrons in an atom?
weight (decimal on periodic table) minus the atomic number
42
radioisotope
isotope with excess neutrons in the nucleus, releases these as energy in the form of radiation
43
what do vertical columns on the periodic table represent?
families of elements with similar chemical properties and similar chemical reactions, as well as same number of electrons in outer shell
44
periods, or horizontal rows on the periodic table represent what?
elements with the same number of electron shells, but with different chemical properties
45
outermost shell that determines the chemical properties of an element
valence
46
meaning of valence +1
the outermost shell of the atom for a particular element has 1 extra electron, making it able to bond with elements with 7 valence electrons easily forming an octet
47
If an element had 10 electrons in its outer shell, what would the valence be?
+2 valence, making them easily able to form compounds with elements with -2 valence
48
the attraction of an atom with a deficiency to an atom with an excess forms which kind of bond?
ionic bond (NaCl)
49
sharing of an outer shell electron forms which type of bond?
covalent (water)
50
elements whose outer shells are saturated with electrons
inert elements (octet)
51
which elements cannot enter into chemical reactions by natural means and why?
group O (helium, neon, argon) because they have an octet
52
ionization
removal or addition of an electron to an atom, making it positive or negatively charged depending
53
what determines the chemical properties of an element?
valence (outer shell)
54
branch of physics that deals with stationary or resting charge
electrostatics
55
branch of physics that deals with moving charge or current
electrodynamics
56
adding or removing electrons from matter to create an electrical charge
electrification
57
what are the two types of charges of electrification
positive and negative
58
methods of electrification
by friction, contact, or induction
59
removing electrons by rubbing and transferring charge
electrification by friction
60
when an electrified body touches an uncharged body and electrons are transferred to uncharged body
electrification by contact
61
when a charged object comes close to an uncharged object and the charge is transferred between them
electrification by induction
62
surrounding every charged body is
an electrical field
63
material that allows electrons to flow freely
conductors (copper, aluminum)
64
material that do not allow electrons to flow
insulators (rubber, plastics, glass)
65
material that allows electrons to flow only under certain conditions
semi-conductors (wood, some plastics, cloth)
66
anything that hinders the flow of current
resistance
67
thing that control whether or not electrons will flow through a semi-conductor
temperature and the strength of the charge
68
neutralizing an uncharged or charged body by connecting to wet earth
grounding
69
what happens when an uncharged body is grounded?
it gains electrons to neutralize
70
what happens when a charged body is grounded?
it is stripped of electrons to neutralize
71
a true earth ground consists of what?
a conductive pipe or rod driven into the earth to a minimum depth of 8 feet
72
formula for electrostatic force
(Q1 x Q2) / distance^2 times the material constant (k) = Force
73
electrostatic force is measured by the unit
Coulombs
74
where is the only place electrical charges reside
on the external surfaces of conductors
75
is the concentration of electrical charge greater on an acute angle or obtuse angle of a conductor ?
acute angle, concentration is greatest where curvature is sharpest
76
what types of charges can move through solid conductors?
only negative charges
77
if there is no potential difference, electron drift speed through solid conductors is
1mm per second
78
when does static discharge occur?
with sufficient electrical charge (potential difference) the insulator is broken down and the electrons are released causing a spark
79
lightning discharge is an example of what type of electrification
static discharge

RADT 250 - Equipment Operation II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions