Atomic structure *DOUBLE AND TRIPLE*

Question 1

What A is all matter made of?

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

Which scientist first came up with a model of what atoms are like?

Answer 2

Dalton

Question 3

How did Dalton describe atoms?

Answer 3

tiny indestructible spheres

Question 4

How did Dalton use his model to explain elements?

Answer 4

all the atoms in an element were identical (and different to atoms of other elements)

Question 5

How have Dalton’s ideas about atoms changed?

Answer 5

atoms are not indestructible but are made up of smaller particles (however atoms are the smallest part of an element that can exist)

Question 6

The discovery of the electron by Thomson led to which model of the atom?

Answer 6

plum pudding model

Question 7

Describe the plum pudding model.

Answer 7

an atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 8

Describe the alpha particle scattering experiment.

Answer 8

positively charged alpha particles were scattered by gold foil - some passed straight through, some where deflected and some were repelled back

Question 9

What was concluded from the alpha particle scattering experiment?

Answer 9

the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre of the atom and the centre (nucleus) was positively charged - this is known as the nuclear model of the atom

Question 10

How did Niehls Bohr adapt the nuclear model?

Answer 10

suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances in fixed energy levels or shells

Question 11

Who provided evidence showing the existence of neutrons?

Answer 11

James Chadwick

Question 12

What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

Answer 12

molecules contain two or more atoms chemically joined together in a group

Question 13

What are the names of the three main subatomic particles?

Answer 13

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 14

What tiny particles flow in an electric current?

Answer 14

electrons

Question 15

What charge do electrons particles have?

Answer 15

negative

Question 16

What is the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 16

tiny central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

Question 17

How are electrons arranged in an atom?

Answer 17

circling/orbiting the nucleus in regions called shells

Question 18

How do protons and electrons compare in terms of relative charge?

Answer 18

protons have a positive (+1) charge and electrons have a negative (-1) charge

Question 19

Why are atoms neutral?

Answer 19

they have the same number of protons and electrons and so equal positive and negative charges

Question 20

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 20

neutral

Question 21

What is the fundamental difference between atoms of different elements?

Answer 21

they contain different numbers of protons

Question 22

How does the size of a nucleus compare to the size of the atom?

Answer 22

the nucleus is tiny compared to the size of the atom, 1/10 000 the size of an atom, or about 1x10-14m

Question 23

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 23

0.1nm or 1x10-10m

Question 24

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 24

1

Question 25

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 25

1

Question 26

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 26

0 or very small

Question 27

How many protons are there in an atom with an atomic number of 26?

Answer 27

26

Question 28

How many neutrons are there in an atom with an atomic number of 26 and a mass number of 56?

Answer 28

30

Question 29

What does the atomic number of an atom tell you about its structure?

Answer 29

the number of protons in an atom

Question 30

What does the mass number of an atom equal?

Answer 30

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Question 31

What will be the same about atoms of the same element?

Answer 31

they will have the same atomic number and same number of protons

Question 32

Where is most of the mass of an atom found?

Answer 32

in the nucleus

Question 33

How many electrons are in an atom with a mass number of 65 and an atomic number of 30

Answer 33

30

Question 34

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in an atom that has an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27?

Answer 34

13 protons, 14 neutrons, 13 electrons

Question 35

What are isotopes?

Answer 35

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. This means atoms will share the same atomic number but have a different atomic mass.

Question 36

What type of atom is used as the standard for comparing masses and working out relative atomic masses of elements?

Answer 36

carbon-12

Question 37

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 37

average mass value for the element that takes account of the abundance of isotopes of the element

Question 38

Where are electrons found in an atom?

Answer 38

around the nucleus/in shells/in energy levels

Question 39

Where are the shells found in an atom?

Answer 39

around the nucleus

Question 40

How many electrons can occupy the first four electron shells, to a maximum of 20 electrons?

Answer 40

2,8,8,2

Question 41

What is the electronic structure of sodium? (atomic number = 11)

Answer 41

2,8, 1

Question 42

What is the electronic structure of chlorine? (atomic number = 17)

Answer 42

2, 8,7

Question 43

The atomic number of oxygen is 16. How many electrons do its atoms have?

Answer 43

16

Question 44

What is the electronic structure of magnesium? (atomic number = 12)

Answer 44

2,8,2