Atomic structure COPY COPY Flashcards

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1
Q

atomic number =

A

proton number = electron number

the bottom number on the periodic table

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2
Q

mass number=

A

total number of neutrons and protons

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3
Q

How can mixtures be separated? (5)

A
Filteration
Cyrstllisation 
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Chromatography
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4
Q

What is Simple distillation?

A

obtains a solvent from a solution

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5
Q

What is Fractional distillation?

A

used to separate mixtures in which the components have different boiling points

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6
Q

In early models what were atoms though to be?

A

tiny spheres that could not be divided into simpler particles

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7
Q

Who discovered the electrons
what model was use ?
Describe the model

A

JJ Thomson
plum pudding
atoms contained tiny, negative electrons surrounded by a sea of positive charge

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8
Q

What was the alpha particle scattering and conducted it

A

Geiger and Marsden carried out an experiment

they bombarded a thin sheet of gold with alpha particles

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9
Q

What happened to the particles in the alpha partcle experiment

A

most of the positvely charged alpha particles passed straight through the atoms
a tiny number were deflected back towards the source

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10
Q

why did the new evidence from the scattering experiment led to a change in the atomic model

A

The results from the alpha particle scattering experiment led to the conclusion that the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre (nucleus) and that the nucleus was charged.

If the plum pudding model was correct, the particles should have went straight through or be slightly deflected at the most. Instead more particles were deflected than normal

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11
Q

What model was created as a result of the alpha scattering experiment?

A

the nuclear model

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12
Q

What did Bohr discover?

A

electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances, otherwise they would spiral inwards. The theoretical calculations of Bohr agreed with experimental observations.

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13
Q

Later experiments led to the idea that the positive charge of any nucleus could be _________

A

subdivided into a whole number of smallerparticles, each particle having the same amount of positive charge.

( this is a proton)

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14
Q

Who provided evidence of neutrons?

When?

A

James Chadwick

20 years after the nuclear model

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15
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron

A

very small

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16
Q

most of an atom is empty ………..

A

space

17
Q

the radius of the nucleus is less than _____ of the atomic radius of the atom

A

1/1000

18
Q

all atoms of a particular element have the same number of _____

A

protons

19
Q

what are isotopes?

A

the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

20
Q

what are ions?

A

Charged atoms (gained or lost electrons)